黄土高原土壤干层水分恢复与作物产量响应  

Water Restoration of Dry Soil Layers in the Loess Plateau and Crop Yield Response

作　　者：王晓凌[1] 陈明灿[1] 李凤民[2] 李友军[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]兰州大学干旱草地生态教育部重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2007年第3期1-4,共4页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：教育部重大科技创新基金;河南科技大学人才科学研究基金

摘　　要：通过大田试验研究了黄土高原苜蓿草地土壤干层水分恢复状况，及恢复过程中不同作物的产量响应。试验设5个处理，苜蓿→草谷子→春小麦→马铃薯→豌豆（WPPe）；苜蓿→草谷子→玉米→玉米→春小麦（CCW）；苜蓿→草谷子→马铃薯→春小麦→玉米（PWC）；苜蓿→草谷子→休闲→豌豆→马铃薯（FPeP）；常规耕作农田（CS）。结果表明，如用苜蓿翻耕后农田土壤含水量与凋萎湿度时土壤含水量的比值表示土壤干层水分恢复程度，比值在正常降雨情况下增加而在降雨量少时下降，但如用苜蓿翻耕后农田土壤含水量与常规农田土壤含水量的比值表示土壤干层水分恢复程度，比值持续增长不受降雨量的影响。经过4年时间WPPe、CCW、PWC、FPeP的0～5m土层的土壤含水量由2001年4月仅有常规农田的63．66％上升到2004年9月的90．51％、89．83％、92．17％、96．72％。苜蓿翻耕后的农田作物产量与常规农田中的作物产量没有明显差别，而水分利用效率显著高于常规农田中的作物产量。以秋收作物马铃薯和玉米较适合苜蓿一作物轮作。Field experiment was carried out to study dry soil layers of alfalfa grassland water restoration and crop yield response in water restoration. Five treatments were established in the experiment, alfalfa→millet→spring wheat→ potato→pea （WPPe）; alfalfa→millet→corn→corn →spring wheat （CCW）; alfalfa →millet →potato→spring wheat→corn （PWC）; alfalfa→ millet→ fallow→ pea→potato （FPeP）;conventional farming system （CS）. The results showed that when the ratio of soil water content in field after alfalfa to soil water content at crop lower limit for growth denoted water restoration, the ratio increased in normal rainfaUs and decreased with little rainfalls. When the ratio of soil water content in field after alfalfa to soil water content in CS denoted water restoration, the ratio increased continually and was influenced little by rainfalls. After four years, soil water content of WPPe,CCW,PWC,FPeP in 0～500 cm soil depth which had only 63.66% of CS in April 2001 had reached 90.51% ,89.83% ,92.17%, 96.72% of CS in October 2004 respectively. Crop yields in field after alfalfa had no significant different with CS. However, water use efficiencies in field after alfalfa were significantly higher than in CS. Potato and corn which harvest in autumn were optimal for rotation in field after alfalfa.

关 键 词：黄土高原 半干旱区 土壤干层 紫花苜蓿 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]