高速公路水土保持措施及其生态效益分析——以沪蓉西高速公路湖北宜长Ⅳ标段为例  

Soil Conservation Measures of the Highway and Its Ecological Benefit——Taking YichangⅣ,Hubei,Hurongxi Highway as a Case

作　　者：张锐[1] 张洪江[1] 江玉林[2] 陈宗伟[2] 程金花[1] 陈学平[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学,北京100083 [2]交通部科学研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2007年第5期136-138,141,共4页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：交通部西部交通科技项目“公路路与生态工程技术研究”的部分研究内容(20033182233)

摘　　要：以沪蓉西高速公路湖北省宜昌至长阳Ⅳ标段为对象,研究了该标段公路两侧边坡和弃土（渣）场的水土流失现状和水土流失防治措施种类及其布局。研究结果表明在挖方段边坡宜采用客土喷播技术,填方段边坡可采用拱形框架梁的护坡形式,弃土（渣）场则在削坡开级和修建挡渣墙、排洪沟基础上,可营建马尾松、栓皮栎混交林或刺槐、柏木混交林。通过对在典型地段采用插签法和布设径流小区获取的观测数据进行分析研究,实施水土保持措施前后弃土（渣）场土壤侵蚀量分别为5247.7 t/（km^2·a）和1871.0 t/（km^2·a）,填方段边坡平均土壤侵蚀量分别为4781.1 t/（km^2·a）和2196.6 t/（km^2·a）,其土壤侵蚀量消减率分别达到64.3%和54.1%。高速公路两侧绿化后能有效地改善公路路域小气候,保障行车安全。Based on YichangⅣ ,Hubei, Hurongxi highway , the situation of the soil and water loss in the highway＇s slope and spoil disposal area was analyzed, also the kinds and the layout of the soil conservation measures were studied. The results showed that it was better to adopt external-soil spray seeding technique in the excavation section, and in the filled slope it can adopt vaulted frame measure. And in spoil disposal area the main protection measure is building Pinus massoniana, Quercus variabilis mixed forest and Robinia pseudoacacia, Cupressus funebris mixed forest ,based on terrace,drainages and slag dam. Using the data of the runoff plots and insert-stick measure located in the typical area, after the measures the erosion amount in spoil disposal area reduced from 5 247.7 t/（km^2 · a） to 1 871.0 t/（km^2 · a）, and in the filled slope the erosion amount reduced from 4 781.1 t/（km^2 · a） to 2 196.6 t/（km2 ~ a）. The soil erosion removal rate of spoil disposal area and filled slope reached 64.3% and 54.1%. Virescence in both sides of highway can adjust regional climate and safeguard drivers＇ safety.

关 键 词：高速公路 水土保持措施 生态效益 弃土(渣)场 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]