杂色山雀的繁殖成功率  

Reproductive Success of Parus varius in Natural Condition and Nestbox

作　　者：金春日[1] 王爽[1] 万冬梅[1] 李昊晔[1] 曲再春 丁峰 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学生命科学学院,沈阳110036 [2]辽宁省白石砬子国家级自然保护区,丹东118000

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2007年第3期28-33,共6页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅项目(No.202012015);国家自然科学基金项目(No.30670288);国家林业局野生动植物保护司经费资助

摘　　要：2004～2006年的3～7月,在辽宁省白石砬子国家级自然保护区,对杂色山雀(Parus varius)的繁殖及繁殖成功率进行了初步研究。结果显示,杂色山雀主要营巢于海拔400～900m的阔叶杂木林、针叶林及林缘地带;繁殖期在3～7月,其洞巢种类多样,筑巢期约15d;巢为碗状,巢结构的2/3由苔藓构成;窝卵数为6～8枚,平均(6·92±0·92)枚(n=13);雌鸟单独孵卵,孵化期为(14·00±0·00)d(n=10);育雏由雌雄鸟共同承担,育雏期为(17·50±0·58)d(n=4)。杂色山雀繁殖成功率为50·95%,繁殖力为2·22。人为干扰是造成卵和雏鸟损失的主要原因,占总损失的74·19%。Reproductive success of Parus varius in both natural nests and nest-boxes was recorded in Baishilazi National Nature Reserve of Liaoning Province from March to July in 2004 to 2006. The birds nested in deciduous broad-leaved forest, artificial forest and conifer forest at elevation of 400 to 900 m above sea level from March to July. They built their nests in different cavities in a period of 15 days. The nest was bowl-like in shape, one-third of the whole nest was built by the material of lichen. Clutch size was 6 - 8 with an average of 6.92 ± 0.92 （ n = 13） .Female incubated eggs and nestlings were hatched in 14.00 ± 0.00 d （ n = 10） . Both the male and female fed the nestlings for 17.50 ± 0.58 d（ n = 4）.The reproductive success of P. varius was 50.95% and reproductive capability index was 2.22. Human disturbances were the most negative influence factors that were responsible for 74.19% of the failure of breeding.

关 键 词：杂色山雀 繁殖成功率 繁殖参数 繁殖力 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]