塔里木河干流典型区草地资源动态变化及其景观生态意义  

Dynamic Change of the Steppe Resources and Its Landscape Ecological Significance in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Tarim River

作　　者：高梅[1] 周华荣[1] 张江英[1] 热西旦.帕塔尔 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 [2]巴音郭楞蒙古自治州畜牧技术推广中心,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2007年第3期392-398,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40271011);中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所绿洲学者"博士人才"培养计划项目(20052109)

摘　　要：以Landsat TM遥感解译出的塔里木河干流1990年和2000年的土地利用数据为基础,分析近10年来草地资源的时空及景观格局变化及其原因,从而探讨由此引起的生态效应及对策措施。结果表明:研究区的土地利用结构以未利用土地和草地为主。各草地类型与其他土地利用类型之间的转换表现为入不敷出,各类型草地面积共计减少7.3×104hm2。虽然高覆盖度草地面积增加2.76×104hm2,但草地质量的提高和下降的面积比为3∶10,草地质量呈下降趋势。研究区内草地景观多样性和均匀度都有所增加,草地内部优势景观不明显。各类型草地景观破碎化程度增加,人类活动干扰则是主要因素。基于塔里木河干流土地利用变化及草地资源动态变化的分析,其主要的环境问题是荒漠化,牧业受到影响。In this paper, the spatiotemporal change of steppe resources and landscape patterns as well as its causes in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River in recent 10 years are analyzed based on deriving the land use data from Landsat TM images in 1990 and 2000, and the entironment effect caused by which and the corresponding measures are discussed. The results reveal that the unused lands and steppes were dominant in the land use structure in the study area during the period from 1990 to 2000. The area of various steppe types in middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River was reduced by 7.3 ×10^3 hm^2. Although the area of steppes with high coverage was enlarged by 2.76 ×10^4 hm^2, the ratio between the areas of the steppes that their quality was improved and degraded was 3：10, and the steppe quality was in a degeneration trend. The diversity and degree of homogeneity of the steppe landscapes in the study area was increased to some extent, and the preponderant landscapes in the steppes became unconspicuous. The fragmentation of the various steppe landscapes was increased due to the disturbance of human activities. Based on analyzing the land use change and the dynamic change of steppe resources in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, it is considered that the main entironment problem in the study area is land desertification, thus the development of animal husbandry is impacted. Therefore, it is suggested to rationally redistribute water resources and implement the project of returning land for farming to forestry and grassplot so as to achieve the sustainable development of entironment regeneration in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River.

关 键 词：草地资源 动态变化 景观格局 生态效应 塔里木河干流 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]