麻疹疫苗复种时间的探讨  

Study on Booster Immuniiation Time for Measles

作　　者：杨维中[1] 王进[1] 刘青恋[1] 宋杨[1] 方刚[1] 许军红[1] 罗湘蜀[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省卫生防疫站,610031

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》1997年第1期14-16,共3页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：本文采用队列分析方法,对四川省1985～1995年的麻疹发病率变化进行了分析。结果发现,1985～1987年间,麻疹疫苗的初种率较低(38.4%～86.7%)。这三年间出生者的麻疹队例发病率变化都呈现这种规律:1～2岁发病率较高,2岁后发病率下降,3～5岁在较低水平,5岁后迅速上升,6～7岁时达到高峰水平,此后又下降,以至最低水平。由于初种率较低,初种后留下的免疫空白较大,未经初种或初种不成功的人在4年后(5岁后)发病大量增加,造成6～7岁时的发病高峰。因此,在初种质量和覆盖率较低的地区和年龄组,麻疹疫苗复种时间可从原定的7岁提前到4岁,这对于削平此后出现的发病高峰,降低麻疹发病水平,可能有积极的作用。The cohort analysis model was applied to study the change for the incidence of measles in Sichuan from 1985 to 1995. It was found that the basic coverage rate of measles was low and the incidence rate for children born in 1985～1987 showed the following pattern: the incidence rate was relatively high at the age of 1～2 years old, decreased at 2 years old, remained a low level at 3～5 years,then increased rapidly at 5 years old and reached a peak at 6～7 years old, finally decreased to the lowest level. The low basic immunization coverage rate and the existence of large 'free' immunization area resulted in increasing of the incidence for the children who unvaccinated or failure in vaccination at the age of 5 years old and reached a incidence peak at 6～7 years old. We suggest that the booster time for measles might shift from original 7 years to 4 years old in the area with lowe vaccination quality and coverage rate. This new schedule will play an active role in cutting down the incidence peak and decreasing the incidence rate of measles.

关 键 词：麻疹疫苗 复种时间 

分 类 号：R511.101[医药卫生—内科学]