青藏高原冻土爆破特性的试验研究  

Experimental study on blasting characteristics of permafrost of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：傅洪贤[1] 冯叔瑜[2] 张志毅[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学隧道及地下工程试验研究中心,北京100044 [2]铁道科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《岩土工程学报》2007年第6期927-931,共5页Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering

摘　　要：结合青藏铁路的建设,进行了一系列球状药包爆破漏斗试验、柱状药包爆破漏斗试验和中深孔爆破开挖试验,得出青藏高原冻土爆破的最佳爆破参数、药包最佳比值深度和漏斗最大比值体积。再与Simpson,Simth和Morgonstern等人的天然冻土爆破试验数据进行综合分析比较。分析了岩石、不同类型的天然冻土和黄土的爆破漏斗形状。最后,研究分析天然冻土爆破特性和冻土物理力学指标的关系,得出当冻土温度变化不大时冻土爆破特性不能用单一的冻土物理力学指标表示,而应该用冻土的密度ρ、纵波速度C、颗粒平均尺寸D50和总含水率w的复合指标ρCW/D50表示。通过研究分析,发现复合指标ρCW/D50的值越大,冻土越难爆。Tests on spherical and columnar explosive charges were carried out at one place of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Physico-mechanical properties of the permafrost were measured, and some blasting parameters were abtained. Then, some tests on deephnle blasting were carried out on the permafrost. The abtained data were analyzed and studied, that is the optimal blasting parameters, the optimal scaled depth of charge, and the maximum scaled true volume. These data were compared with those acquired by Simpson, Simth and Morgonstem for permafrost. The shapes of rock explosive crater, permafrost explosive crater, and loess explosive crater, were compared and analyzed to find their difference. Relationship among those data and the physico-mechanical properties of permafrost were analyzed and studied, it was found that when the difference of temperature in permafrost was small, the blasting characteristic permafrost could not be expressed by one physico-mechanical property, and should be expressed by the combination of permafrost density, primary wave velocity, average grain size of permafrost, and total water content of permafrost, ρCWID50. The larger the value of ρCWID50, the more difficult to blast the permafrost.

关 键 词：青藏铁路 冻土爆破 爆破漏斗 爆破技术 

分 类 号：TD235.1[矿业工程—矿井建设]