酸性水对几种主要淡水鱼类的影响  

EFFECT OF ACID WATER ON SEVERAL MAJOR FRESHWATER FISHES

作　　者：张甫英[1] 李辛夫[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》1997年第1期40-48,共9页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

摘　　要：在实验室条件下，研究了酸性水对几种主要淡水鱼类的毒性影响。结果表明，这几种淡水鱼的胚胎和鱼苗的死亡率与H＋浓度呈现相关性。在低pH水平下，胚胎的发育进程明显地迟缓。要使鱼类受精卵正常孵化不受影响，水中的pH值应保持在6.5以上。在受试的几种鱼类中，没有发现对低pH敏感性有显著性差异，但在各自的发育过程中，其敏感性呈现出较大的差异。当pH＜6．0时，鱼的鳃组织就会受到损害。低pH加上铝，则对鱼类呈现出协同毒性。水的硬度（或Ca2＋的含量）对H＋和铝的毒性影响较大，水质越软，H＋和铝的毒性越大。Under laboratory conditions, the toxicity of acid water on several major freshwater fishes were studied.The results indicated that the H+ concentration was correlated with the mortality of embryo and fry of there fishes.The development of embryo was postponed at lower pH levels.In order to keep fertilized eggs to hateh out normally, the pH level in water should be, at least, higher than 6.5. No significant difference in sensitivity was obseved among the fishes tested. However, the sensitivity to pH of each fish species was distinct at different development stages.The sensitivity decreased as the fish developed. Pathological changes of lamellar epithelim were observed at pH 6.0. The toxicity of low pH and aluminium showed synergism and was affected significantly by hardness of water (or Ca2+ concentration).Moreover, the softer the water quality was, the more harmful the toxicity of H+ and Al was.

关 键 词：鱼纲 淡水鱼类 酸性水 毒性影响 

分 类 号：Q959.408[生物学—动物学]