流行性腮腺炎减毒活疫苗接种的现状及其免疫效应  

Progress on Application and Immunization Efficacy of Live Attenuated Vaccine against Mumps

作　　者：程周祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省芜湖市疾病预防控制中心,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《世界感染杂志》2007年第3期186-190,202,共6页World Journal of Infection

摘　　要：流行性腮腺炎是一种常见的病毒感染性传染病，其危害越来越被人们所重视。1967年研制成功减毒活疫苗并开始广泛使用后流行性腮腺炎发病率明显下降，但在没有应用疫苗的国家中仍保持高发病率。我国缺少流行性腮腺炎疫情的完整资料，疫苗接种率不高，又缺乏系统免疫规划和高效疫苗，目前流腮在我国远未被控制。全世界有109个国家将流行性腮腺炎疫苗纳入国家免疫规划，常用的疫苗株至少有10种以上，近期应用最为广泛的疫苗毒株有Jeryl-Lynn、RIT4385、L-3、L-Zagrab、S79等，均有良好的免疫效应。但儿童（二剂次）接种率〈80％，不但不能阻止暴发和流行，还会导致流行年龄高峰向后推移。免疫效应最突出的毒株是L3系列、Urabe株等低度减毒株免疫原性较好但往往与接种疫苗后的脑膜炎有关；高度减毒株较安全，但免疫原性可能较差。几株系列有免疫效应好且安全的特长国产疫苗效应较几、L3系列疫苗差。Mumps is an acute viral disease and occurs worldwide. After the development, licensure and widely use of live attenuated vaccine against mumps since 1967, the number of reported mumps cases has steadily declined. But the incidence is still high in the Country/Region where the vaccine has not been applied yet. Because lack of data about mumps occurrence and high efficacy vaccine against mumps, low immunization rate and not used routinely, mumps is not under desired control in our country at present. Vaccines against mumps have been used routinely in 109 countries. More than 10 virus strains are used at present and strain Jeryl-Lynn, L-3, L-Zagrab, and $79 are most widely used recently and they all have expected efficacy. Inoculation rate under 80% （2 doses） could not prevent mumps incidence from outbreak and prevalence, but will cause a delayed prevalence peak as well. Vaccines prepared from L-3 strain and Urabe strain have strong efficacy but may relate after-inoculation meningitis. Vaccines prepared from high-attenuated strain are safe but their efficacy are lower than the foregoing and vaccines prepared from JL strain, which have both preferred efficacy and safety. Vaccines prepared from homebred strains have lower efficacy than which prepared from JL and L3 strains.

关 键 词：流行性腮腺炎 疫苗效应 免疫 预防 

分 类 号：R512.1[医药卫生—内科学]