杭州湾潮滩表层沉积物中磷的分布、赋存形态及生态意义  

Distribution, existed forms and ecological significance of phosphorus in tide-beach surface sediments of the Hangzhou Bay

作　　者：宋祖光[1] 高效江[1] 张弛[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学环境科学与工程系,上海200433

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2007年第6期853-858,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40131020和40371101)

摘　　要：对杭州湾潮滩表层沉积物样品中的磷进行了总量、形态分级提取及生物有效性分析。结果表明:沉积物中总磷的含量为595·5～1268·8μg·g-1,空间分布特征总体表现为杭州湾北岸>钱塘江杭州河段>杭州湾南岸。总磷中有89·3%以无机磷形式存在,钙磷、残留无机态磷、有机磷和铁铝结合态磷是沉积物中磷的主要赋存形态,平均分别占总磷的68·3%、14·6%、10·7%和5·3%。钙磷的分布受到盐度变化影响,自钱塘江河口向外海方向明显增加;铁铝结合态磷则相反,分布朝外海逐步递减。沉积物中的潜在生物有效磷(BAP)含量为43·62～177·84μg·g-1,平均含量为94·13μg·g-1。该地区与国内典型的河口和滨岸带潮滩比较,总磷处于相对较高水平。强烈的水动力作用及咸淡水交汇使得环境因子频繁变化,加大了沉积物中磷作为内源向上覆水体释放及造成水体富营养化的可能性。The analyses on the phosphorus forms and their bio-availabilities in tide-beach surface sediments of Hangzhou Bay showed that the content of total phosphorus （TP） ranged in 595.5 -1268. 8μg·g^-1, and its spatial distribution was decreased in the order of north bank of Hangzhou Bay 〉 Hangzhou section of Qiantang River 〉 south bank of Hangzhou Bay. Inorganic phosphorus accounted for 89. 3% of TP, and the main forms of phosphorus were calcium-bound phosphorus （Ca-P）, residual inorganic phosphorus （Re-P）, organic phosphorus （OP）, and A1 and Fe-bound phosphorus （ （ A1 ＋ Fe）-P）, which accounted for 68.3%, 14.6%, 10. 7% and 5.3%, respectively. Under the effect of water salinity, Ca-P was increased obviously from Qiantang River to out estuary, while （ A1 ＋ Fe） -P was in adverse. The bio-available phosphorus （BAP） content was 43.62 -177. 84μg·g^-1, with an average of 94. 13 μg·g^-1. Compared with other domestic estuaries and tide-beaches, the study area had a higher level of TP, where the strong water force and the mixing of salty and fresh water changed the environmental factors frequently, and increased the possibility of sediment phosphorus release and water body eutrophication.

关 键 词：沉积物 磷 赋存形态 生物有效性 杭州湾 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]