江西青岚湖五种淡水蚌遗传多样性的微卫星DNA分析  

Microsatellite DNA Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Five Freshwater Mussels in Qinglan Lake, Jiangxi Province

作　　者：姬伟[1] 魏开建[1] 张桂蓉[1] 史则超[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,农业动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2007年第3期429-433,共5页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：华中农业大学科研启动基金项目(No.52204-04071);华中农业大学科技创新基金项目(No.52204-04082)资助。

摘　　要：利用北美Epioblasma capsaeformis和中欧Margaritifera margaritiferaL.两种淡水双壳类的20对微卫星引物对江西青岚湖五种淡水蚌群体进行了PCR扩增,筛选出8对多态性较高的引物,并用这8个微卫星座位分别对三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)、褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata)、洞穴丽蚌(Lamprotula caveata)、射线裂脊蚌(Schistodesmus lampreyanus)和中国尖嵴蚌(A-cuticosta chinensis)这5种蚌类群体进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,不同蚌类群体的平均等位基因数为2.8750～4.000,平均观测杂合度(HO)为0.4417～0.6333,平均期望杂合度(HE)为0.4430～0.5706,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.368～0.498,5个群体表现出较高的遗传多样性。有多个座位在不同蚌类群体中偏离哈代-温伯格平衡。5种蚌类群体间的遗传距离在0.6228与1.4724之间,三角帆蚌和褶纹冠蚌之间的遗传距离最大,射线裂脊蚌和洞穴丽蚌之间的遗传距离最小。Freshwater mussels play an important role in many aquatic ecosystems, but little is known about their biodiversity and conservation genetics. In order to provide genetic information of freshwater mussels in China, microsatellite markers were used to in- vestigate genetic diversity of five species of freshwater mussels in family Unionidae, Hyriopsis cumingii, Cristaria plicata, Lamprotula caveata, Schistodesmus lampreyanus and Acuticosta chinensis, which were collected from Qinglan Lake, Jiangxi Province. Eight primers for polymorphic DNA microsatellite loci were sieved from 20 primers which were developed from oyster mussel （Epioblasma capsaeformis） （Bivalvia： Unionidae） in North America and freshwater pearl mussel （Margaritifera margaritifera L.） （Bivalvia： Margaritiferidae） in Central Europe. AUelic richness ranged from 2 to 6 alleles per locus and averaged from 2.8750 to 4.000 alleles for five mussel populations. Heterozygosity levels varied from 0.4417 to 0.6333 for average observed heterozygosity （Ho） and 0.4430 to 0.5706 for average expected heterozygosity （HE）, average polymorphism information content （PIC） ranged from 0.368 to 0.498, which revealed that five populations showed higher genetic diversity. Many loci in different populations deviated from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Genetic distance （D） among five mussel populations ranged from 0.6228 to 1.4724, the maximal D was 1.4724 between H. cumingii and C. plicata, and the minimal D was 0.6228 between S. lampreyanus and L. caveata. The study of genetic diversity for freshwater mussels can provide guidelines for resource conservation and genetic improvement.

关 键 词：淡水蚌 微卫星DNA 遗传多样性 杂合度 蚌科 

分 类 号：S188[农业科学—农业基础科学]