电解煤浆制取氢气的工艺研究  

Study of producing hydrogen by electrolysis of coal slurries

作　　者：印仁和[1] 张磊[1] 姬学彬[1] 吕士银[1] 张新胜[2] 范钦柏 

机构地区：[1]上海大学理学院化学系,上海200444 [2]华东理工大学国家重点化学工程联合实验室,上海200237 [3]美国气体技术研究院

出　　处：《现代化工》2007年第6期27-30,32,共5页Modern Chemical Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(20673071);国家重点化学工程联合实验室资助项目(06407)

摘　　要：首次对我国煤炭进行了电解制氢的工艺条件探讨，用自制Pt／Ti催化电极和Pt—lr／Ti催化电极为工作电极，分别研究了反应过程中煤浆浓度、电解温度、电解质硫酸的浓度、不同煤种、不同溶液催化剂Cd^4＋、Fe（CN）6^3-、Fe^3＋及Fe^3＋／Fe^3＋对电解制氢的影响。使用不同电极时电流密度相差较大，Pt—Ir／Ti电极比传统的Pt片电极对电解煤炭制氢的催化效果要好。以Pt—In／Ti（摩尔比1：2）为工作电极所得最大电解制氢效率为99．7％，氢气流速为19．7mL／（cm^2·h）。Fe^2＋／Fe^3＋的联用大大提高了电解制氢的效率。阳极气体分析主要组分是CO2及少量CO，还有痕量的低沸点有机物气体，且CO2与氢气体积比为1：（10～20），大大降低了对该方法引起温室效应的预期。This may be the first report for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of local coal slurries in China. With Pt-/Ti and Pt-Ir/Ti（ 1 ： 2） electrodes prepared in the laboratory as the working electrodes, the influences of different electrolytic conditions, including the concentration of coal slurries and of sulfuric acid, temperature, kinds of electrodes and coal, and the catalysts such as Ce^4＋ , Fe（ CN）6^3- , Fe^3＋ and Fe^2＋/Fe^3＋ in the solution on the hydrogen production were studied. The iridium content in the electrode affected the electrochemical performance of the coal and adding iron（ Ⅲ ） and iron（ Ⅱ ） in the coal slmry significantly increased the average current densities developed in the coal electrolytic cell. The maximum current efficiency found in the electro-oxidation of coal on a Pt-Ir/Ti（1：2） electrode was 99.7% for H2 generation with 19.7 mL/（cm^2·h） hydrogen produced. Anode gas analysis indicated that the main component is CO2 with trace CO. Some low hydrocarbon byproducts with lower boiling point were observed.The amount of CO2 was only 1/20- 1/10 in volume of H2 produced,which would decrease the ability to cause more greenhouse effect.

关 键 词：电解 水煤浆 氢气 催化 电流效率 

分 类 号：TQ213[化学工程—有机化工]