朝鲜淫羊藿(Epimedium koreanum Nakai)不同生境种群生物量与更新潜力  

Population biomass and renewal potential of Epimedium koreanum Nakai in different habitats, Linjiang, Northeast China

作　　者：杨利民[1] 韩梅[1] 吴劲松[1] 韩忠明[1] 张连学[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学中药材学院,吉林省生态恢复与生态系统管理重点实验室,长春130118

出　　处：《生态学报》2007年第6期2251-2258,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30570173);吉林省科技发展重点资助项目(20040901-02-09);国家科技攻关资助项目(2004BA907A17-03);省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-吉林省生态恢复与生态系统管理重点实验室开放基金资助项目(DS2004-20)~~

摘　　要：朝鲜淫羊藿(Epimedium koreanum Nakai)为重要药用植物资源,由于种子繁殖问题较大,而尚未实现真正的人工栽培,野生资源在长期过度利用中已遭到一定的破坏。研究结果表明:朝鲜淫羊藿的有性生殖能力较弱,平均开花和结果率分别不超过8%和6%,最低开花和结果率均在次生杂木林下,分别仅有2%和0.8%。朝鲜淫羊藿主要以无性繁殖维持种群更新和增长,其中,2龄根茎无性繁殖活力最高,其产生的潜伏芽和1龄根茎数量平均占80%以上;3龄和4龄根茎产生的潜伏芽和1龄根茎数量显著减少,而4龄根茎的潜伏芽100%不能发育成1龄根茎;5龄以后的根茎不再有无性繁殖活力。朝鲜淫羊藿无性繁殖潜伏芽数量具有较大冗余性,并随着根茎龄级的增高和生境条件的变差其冗余性也增大。另外,朝鲜淫羊藿的开花率、结果率和根茎产生潜伏芽及1龄根茎数量,均随生境条件的不适宜性增强和根茎龄级增大而变异系数明显增大,说明生境条件变差和生理功能衰退导致其种群增殖的不确定性增加,而有序性降低。总之,朝鲜淫羊藿是极易遭到利用威胁的易危物种,应注意对野生资源利用强度和方式的研究与控制。Epimedium koreanum Nakai is a long rhizome perennial plant distributed throughout Northeast China, the North Korea Byland and the Russia Far East. Samples and observations for this study were obtained on the southwest foot of Changbai Mountain, Southeast Jinlin Province, China. The geography location is 126°11′E - 127°35′E, 41°27′N - 42°4′ N. Here forest coverage rate is 83.4%, and climate is wet continental monsoon climate, annual average temperature is 5.6℃, annual precipitation is about 800mm. The samples were collected from three plots （Quercus mongolica forest, Juglans mandshurica forest and Secondary mixed forest ） differing in air temperature, light intensity, crown density, humidity and soil moisture. In the three plots, Epimedium koreanum Nakai is a partial dominant with bigger population area in the herb layer. The results show that the sexual reproduction of Epimedium koreanum Nakai is low; abloom rate and fruit rate are 2% and 0. 8%, respectively. Reproduction of the rhizome plant is largely asexual. Asexual reproduction energy peaks at age 2 and decreases each year after that. By age 5 the rhizomes no longer have asexual reproduction energy. The amount of bud on Epimedium koreanum Nakai is redundant~ and the redundancy rate increases with increasing age of the rhizome and poorer habitat. In addition, the coefficient of variation in abloom rate, fruit rate, bud amount and age one rhizome amount also increase noticeably with aging rhizomes and poorer habitat. Poor habitat conditions induce population multiplication uncertainty and plant instability. Epimedium koreanum Nakai＇s low seed bourgeon combined with habitat loss from long excessive use could cause the plant to become endangered. The study and control on intensity and fashion for its use is advertised.

关 键 词：朝鲜淫羊藿 药用植物 种群 更新潜力 资源可持续利用 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培] Q948[农业科学—作物学]