环太湖典型丘陵区不同土地利用下土壤磷素随地表径流迁移特征  

Characteristics of Agricultural Phosphorous Losses with Surface Runoff Under Different Land Uses in Hilly

作　　者：王鹏[1] 高超[2] 姚琪[1] 申霞[3] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏南京210098 [2]南京大学城市与资源学系,江苏南京210093 [3]南京水利科学研究院,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2007年第3期826-830,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(50239030)

摘　　要：在环太湖丘陵地区选择4种有代表性的土地利用类型进行野外原位试验,研究了自然降雨条件下磷素随地表径流的迁移特征。结果表明,各场降雨水相总磷的“次降雨径流平均浓度”呈对数正态分布。悬浮颗粒态磷是水相磷素迁移的主要形态,占水相总磷的76%～89%,其浓度主要由表土总磷含量及地表径流量决定;而溶解态磷(DP)主要与表土中的有效磷含量以及径流与表土相互作用深度有关。溶解态无机磷(DIP)占溶解态磷的57%～85%,竹林的DIP浓度最高。菜地径流的有机磷含量(DOP)明显高于另外3种土地利用。不同土地利用下溶解态和悬浮态磷的迁移通量分别为23～92.7mg·m-2·a-1和113.4～364.3mg·m-2·a-1,与地表径流量表现出较强的相关性。Tai Lake Basin covers Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces and Shanghai municipality located in the east of China, is one of the most developed industrial and agricultural areas with a dense population. The transport of phosphorus especially bioavailable P in agricultural runoff can accelerate the eutrophication of surface water bodies which significantly differs with different land uses. Therefore, it is critical to study the characteristics of agricultural phosphorus losses with surface runoff under different land uses around the Lake. Four typical land uses （chestnut, bamboo grove, dry land and vegetable plot） in hilly area around Taihu Lake were selected to study the characteristics of phosphorous （P） losses under natural rainfall by in situ experiment. The frequency distribution of event mean concetration （EMC） of Total P （TP） showed lognormal distribution. Majority loss of TP in runoff was particulate P （PP） which accounted for 76%-89%, and the concentration of PP was determined by the content of TP in surface soil and surface runoff volume, while dissolved P （DP） was related to Olsen-P in surface soil and depth of surface soil-runoff interaction. Loss of dissolved inorganic P （DIP） in runoff accounted for 57%-85% of DP. The concentration of DIP in bamboo grove was highest, while that of dissolved organic P in vegetable plots was much higher than the other land uses. The transportation fluxes of DP and PP ranged 23-92.7 mg·m^-2·a^-1 and 113.4-364.3 mg·m^-2·a^-1 respectively, which significantly related to the volume of surface runoff.

关 键 词：土地利用 非点源污染 太湖流域 富营养化 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]