重庆三峡库区面源污染源评价与聚类分析  

Evaluating and Clustering Analysis of Non-point Source Pollution in Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Region

作　　者：曹彦龙[1] 李崇明[1] 阚平[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400045 [2]重庆市环境科学研究院,重庆400020

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2007年第3期857-862,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中国工程院<三峡库区及其上游水污染防治策略>咨询项目--课题三<三峡库区面源污染现状与控制对策研究>

摘　　要：随机性、模糊性、不确定性很强的面源污染是重庆三峡库区水环境污染中最主要的污染源。采用等标污染负荷法对2000年重庆三峡库区农村生活污水、农村固体废弃物、农药流失、化肥流失、水土流失、禽畜养殖、城市地表径流等污染源进行面源污染源评价;结合聚类分析将重庆三峡库区划分成面源污染相似的8个子区域,并分析各区域污染特点。污染源评价结果表明,主要污染物依次为TP、TN、NH3-N、COD等,主要污染源依次为化肥流失、水土流失、禽畜养殖等。由聚类分析知,所划分的8个分区的评价指标平均值之和由Ⅰ～Ⅷ逐渐递增,表明不同区域面源污染的相对差异,各分区内面源污染又有各自特征,给不同区域不同程度的面源污染控制提供了科学依据。Point and non-point source pollution are the main pollutant source in the Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Region, with the latter accounting for 77.85% of the total loadings. Non-polnt source pollution which generally occurred over an intermittent period from sporadic sources and closely correlated with climatic events is the main pollution source in Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir region. On the basis of data in 2000, the non-point source pollution is evaluated by using the method of equivalent pollution loading, including rural domestic waste, solid waste, fertilizer runoff, pesticide runoff, poultry and livestock farm, soil erosion, surface flow of city and so on in Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir region. The 40 administrative districts in Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir region are divided into 8 areas according to the results of cluster analysis and equivalent pollution loadings. The main nutrients of non-point source pollution were total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen consumption etc, among which total phosphorus and total nitrogen amounted to 96.4% loadings. The main pollution sources were fertilizer runoff, soil erosion, poultry, livestock farm, rural domestic waste, pesticide runoff, solid waste and surface flow of city etc, among which loadings from fertilizer runoff, soil erosion, poultry and livestock farm accounted for 95.2%. The sum of mean evaluation indexes in each area varied from Ⅰ to Ⅷ, indicating the differences of non-point source pollution among different areas. In addition, non-point source pollution in each area showed its specific characteristics, which provided scientific basis for controlling non-point source pollution.

关 键 词：重庆三峡库区 面源污染 污染源评价 等标污染负荷 聚类分析 

分 类 号：X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程]