乙型肝炎疫苗长期免疫与乙型肝炎病毒感染血清流行病学变化的关系  

Study on the Relationship Between Hepatitis B Vaccination and Sero-epidemiology of Infective Status of Hepatitis B Virus

作　　者：莫兆军[1] 沈立萍[1] 杨进业[1] 周开姣[1] 李艳萍[1] 韦增良[1] 董邕辉[1] 黄莉荣[1] 韦少超[2] 方孔雄[2] 余陶[3] 张文英[3] 张勇[3] 毕胜利[3] 李荣成[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心,南宁530021 [2]隆安县疾病预防控制中心,广西壮族自治区隆安532700 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所,北京100052

出　　处：《中国计划免疫》2007年第3期216-218,共3页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

基　　金：广西壮族自治区医疗卫生重点科研课题(基金合同号:重200511)

摘　　要：目的了解乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗免疫后20年,人群乙肝病毒(HBV)流行状况及其变化趋势。方法采用横断面调查方法,以家庭为单位对广西壮族自治区隆安县5个村的整体人群进行调查,用固相放射免疫法检测血清HBV标志物[乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)],并与1985年、1995年的历史资料进行比较。结果(1)0～19岁人群的HBV流行率较≥20岁人群显著下降;0～19岁人群中乙肝疫苗免疫组的HBV流行率显著低于未免疫组和免疫史不详组;(2)乙肝疫苗首针在出生后<24h内接种的人群其HBsAg阳性率为0.9%,显著低于1～6d接种者(2.8%)和≥7d接种者(2.8%);(3)1985年0～19岁人群的HBsAg阳性率为16.6%,HBV流行率为57.0%;1995年的分别为7.2%和24.0%;2005年的分别为2.4%和9.8%;每隔10年呈现显著下降。结论乙肝疫苗免疫取得良好效果,首针及时接种率高的人群HBV流行率低于未及时接种人群,乙肝疫苗长期免疫地区免疫人群的HBV流行率大幅度下降。Objective To study the hepatitis B infective status in the people who had been immunized with hepatitis B vaccine for nearly 20 years. Methods Collect the relative information and take the blood samples from people in Long-an County by families. 4686 serum samples had been tested to detect the HBV infection signals by SPRIA. Results （1）The HBV prevalence of 0-19 years old people are lower than those of ≥20 years old people. The HIBV infective rates of immunized group are lower than those of un-immunized group and unknown group significantly. （2） In the immunized people,the HIBsAg positive rate of the people who have been immunized first dose during 24 hours after born is 0. 9% ,which is lower than in 1-6 days and ≥7 days groups＇. （3）The HBsAg positive rate of 0-19 years old people in 1985 is 16.6%, HBV infective rate is 57.0% but it was 7.2% and 24.0% in 1995,2.4% and 21.4% in 2005,respectively. The HBV infective rate has decreased significantly every 10 years. Conclusions The HIBV prevalence is decreasing significantly in immunized people. The HIBV prevalence of people who immunized the first dose in time is lower than others. It shows that HB-vaccine immunization had obtained excellent results.

关 键 词：乙型肝炎疫苗 免疫 首针及时接种率 免疫效果 感染率 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.62[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]