生理盐水用于皮内试验前皮肤清洁的临床研究  

The Clinical Study on the Effect of Physiological Saline Solution on Skin-cleaning before Intracutaneous Test

作　　者：任美针[1] 王宗兰[1] 王玉君[1] 

机构地区：[1]滨州市中心医院五官科,山东滨州251700

出　　处：《护理学报》2007年第6期91-92,共2页Journal of Nursing（China）

摘　　要：目的探讨一种能代替75%酒精作皮肤过敏试验消毒剂的简便方法,以能够有效降低皮试的假阳性率并防止皮肤感染。方法选取2006年1月-2007年1月住院需做皮肤过敏试验的患者815例,在同一患者的两前臂腕横纹上3横指处,分别用生理盐水和75%酒精清洁、消毒皮肤,待干后作皮内试验,皮试结果阳性者再在同侧上肢相应部位用生理盐水做对照试验,局部出现类似反应的即判断为皮试假阳性。比较两种方法的假阳性率和感染率,将结果进行统计学分析。结果用生理盐水和75%酒精作皮肤清洁消毒剂,假阳性率分别为2.21%和5.77%,经统计学分析,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。所有病例无1例出现注射部位感染,感染率为0。结论用生理盐水代替75%酒精作皮肤清洁剂皮试准确可靠,方法简便,值得临床推广应用。Objective To explore a simple method of cleaning skin before intracutaneous test to take the place of 75% alcohol so as to lower the pseudo-positive rate and prevent skin from infection. Methods 815 patients hospitalized in our department from Jan. 2006 to Jan. 2007 and needing intracutaneous sensitivity test were employed in our study. The spots at the center of three-finger width away from the transverse striation on both of the forarms were sterilized with physiological saline solution and 75% alcohol, respectively. When the skin at the spots dried, intracutaneous tests were performed. The positive spots were sterilized using saline solution for a control study. In this way, the spots with the same reactions were identified as pseudo-positive. The pseudo-positive rate and the infection rate were compared between the two methods, the results statistically analyzed. Results When the skin was sterilized with physiological saline solution and 75% alcohol, the pseudo-positive rates were 2.21% and 5.77%, respectively, with statistical difference between the two methods （P〈0.01）. There were no infections on the spots. Conclusion Physiological saline solution replacing 75% alcohol is accurate, reliable and simple in operation in skin-clearing for intracutaneous test, so it is worth spreading.

关 键 词：皮内试验 清洁剂 生理盐水 75%酒精 

分 类 号：R472[医药卫生—护理学]