自动与人工观测降雨量的差异及相关性  

The Difference and Relativity Between Rainfall by Automatic Recording and Manual Observation

作　　者：任芝花[1] 冯明农[1] 张洪政[1] 鞠晓慧[1] 王颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家气象信息中心,北京100081

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2007年第3期358-364,共7页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：中国气象局新技术推广项目"我国地面高空观测变化研究及业务流程建立"(CMATG2006Z03)01专题资助

摘　　要：利用全国627个基准、基本站2005年自动与人工雨量业务观测资料,分析了业务上自动与人工观测的降雨量的差异以及引起差异的原因,并分析了自动观测与人工观测的降雨量的相关性。结果表明:自动观测比人工观测的日降雨量平均偏高0.12 mm,标准差为0.70 mm,相对偏高1.42%。627个站中,80%的站自动与人工观测的年降雨量差值在5%以内;近4%的站年降雨量差值在10%以上。年降雨量相对差值较大的站,其年降雨量均较小。空间采样差、20:00(北京时)定时观测中人工与自动观测时间的不一致以及其他突发事件均会导致自动与人工测量的日降雨量的差异,甚至显著差异。由于观测仪器不同引起的降雨测量系统误差差别,导致自动与人工观测降雨量的系统偏差。自动观测与人工观测的日降雨量呈线性相关,相关系数为0.9988。Automatic Surface Observation System （ASOS） is set up by China Meteorological Administration （CMA） about 2000. Main surface meteorological parameters start to be automatically measured at about 600 base stations, 1200 ordinary stations in CMA by the end of 2005. Since both field intercomparison experiment results and parallel comparison observation results show that the difference is much great between the amount of rainfall measured by commonly used rain gauges （manual observation） and that measured by tipping-bucket rain gauges （automatic recording）, commonly used rain gauges are still kept on rainfall measurement manually twice a day in China surface meteorological observation operation, though automatic measurements of rainfall have been implemented to record hourly precipitation totals at a large number of stations at present. What the difference and relativity are between the amount of rainfall measured by automatic recording and by manual observation in observational operation remains a question to many meteorologists. Based on 55641 operational rainfall observations respectively by automatic way and by manual way at 627 national base stations in 2005, various analyses are cartied out on the rainfall observation difference, the difference and relativity between above two observation methods. In the rainy season, when there is no rain by manual observation, there is no rain by automatic recording at each station. The average daily rain amount observed by automatic way is 0.12 mm （or 1.42 % ） more than that by manual way. The standard deviation of the difference is 0.70 mm. In the 55641 rainfall comparison observations, 26.2% daily data observed in the two ways is identical, 30.8 % daily data observed by automatic way are less, 43.0 % daily data observed by automatic way are more than the manual way. The annual rainfall measured by automatic recording is more than that by manual observation at 70 % base stations. There are 80 % stations whose difference values in annual rainfall respec

关 键 词：自动观测 人工观测 降雨量差异 相关性 

分 类 号：P412.13[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]