广东省甘蔗选育种当前形势和迫切任务  

Present Situation and Urgent Duty on Sugarcane Breeding in Guangdong Province

作　　者：王鉴明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国轻工总会甘蔗糖业研究所,广州510316

出　　处：《甘蔗糖业》1997年第2期1-6,共6页Sugarcane and Canesugar

摘　　要：新中国甘蔗选育种自育新品种在生产上推广始于广东省。解放前特别在20世纪30年代期间，虽有有规模的引种和选种工作，也有一定成效。但有性杂交育种在广州初步尝试和海南岛列入了杂交亲本的传闻，由于当时的种种原因，始终未见诸实践成功。1953年海市甘蔗育种场成立以来，在广东省带头推动下，纷纷联系组织四川、广西、云南、福建、江西、湖南、贵州、海南等省（区）加入全国甘蔗有性杂交协作网。每个省（区）现在生产上都有自育新良种。过去省（区）自育新种种植面积占各该全省（区）植蔗总面积最高达70～80％。各省（区）也逐步健全了其育种机构和有种队伍。当前广东省和沿海福建、海南、浙江等省一样，受到商品经济的冲击，蔗糖业日趋滑坡，自育新种虽表现不错，也难在生产上应用，推广和换种速度缓慢。近期由台湾引入新台糖种部分代换了原来已在生产上推广的粤糖、粤农新种。广东省自有品种形势严峻。本文特提出近期（九五期内）、中期（21世纪第一个十年内）、远期（21世纪第一个十年后），广东省自育新种的战略、战术任务，使省自育种重新逐步占全省栽培品种的首位，满足广东省甘蔗糖业继续发展的需要。Bofore liberation sugarcane variety improvement was limited only in the field of variety introduction and sllection. The foundation of sugarcane breeding was laid in the year 1953 on the establishment of Hainan Sugarcane Breeding Station after two years of sursey and preparation, since then we have organized nine provinces to join togeher as a nationwide cooperation to carry on the sugarcane breeding work each year, upon now, all those nine provinces have their own self-bred sugarcane promising varieties, under intensive cultivation.The work of sugarcane breeding in Guangdong province has been carried on for forty four years. The history of that king of work is the longest amoug those nineprovinces although experiences achivements and fascilities of sugarcane breeding in Guangdong province is quite enough but problems are so serious and duties are so urgent and heavy. This paper livides three different stages to discuss such problems and duties. The first stage begins from 1996 and ends at 2000. The second stage is the first ten years of the 21st century. The third stage follows the milde stage onward in the same century.

关 键 词：育种 选种 引种 推广品种 甘蔗 广东省 

分 类 号：S566.103[农业科学—作物学]