2001～2004年间上海市道路交通事故流行病学特征分析  

Characteristics of Road Traffic Accidents Occurred in Shanghai during 2001 through 2004

作　　者：卢国良[1] 陈伟华[2] 鲍鲸[3] 夏昭林[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市长宁区疾病预防控制中心,上海200336 [2]复旦大学 公共卫生学院 劳动卫生教研室,上海200032 [3]上海市公安局交警总队,上海200070

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2007年第3期285-287,共3页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]对2001～2004年间上海市发生的机动车道路交通事故进行流行病学分析,探讨机动车交通事故发生的时间特征和人群分布状况。[方法]对该市交通警察总队记录的2001～2004年间该市发生的道路交通事故进行整理,计算事故的频数和构成比,并用方差分析(one-way ANOVA)方法检验各时间段的事故分布情况。[结果]研究结果表明,该市道路交通事故死亡、受伤人数和10万人口死亡率仍处在较高水平。月份分布显示:1月份发生事故次数最多(占全年的10.27%),死亡人数最多的月份是11月(占9.96%),受伤人数以4月份最多(9.08%);每周事故发生次数以周一为最多,死亡人数以周五最多;24小时内分布结果:发生的事故次数以10:00～11:00最多(占6.85%),死亡人数以19:00～20:00最多(占6.44%),受伤人数以8:00～9:00最多(占6.26%)。方差分析得各月份死亡人数分布差异有显著性。人群分布中男性在道路交通事故中的受伤、死亡数都为女性的2倍多。年龄段的分布:31～40岁年龄段的死亡、受伤人数比例最高,分别为21.21%和24.85%;41～50岁年龄段的死亡、受伤人数所占比例次之,分别为19.18%和21.78%;>65岁的老年人死亡人数也占全部死亡的16.94%。[结论]应充分重视道路交通事故的危害,并根据其流行病学特点,采取综合治理措施,缔造安全的交通环境。[ Objective ] To analyze the data of road traffic accidents（ RTAs ）occurred in Shanghai during 2001 through 2004 and to explore the time distribution and the population characteristics. [ Methods ] Records of RTAs were collected by a surveillance system, then the accident characteristics were described, and the time distribution analyzed by one-way ANOVA method. [ Results ] During the 4-year period, the number of injuries, deaths and the fatalities per 100000 persons were high and fluctuated little. By monthly analysis, most of the accidents were happened in January, accounts for 10.27%; most deaths occurred in November（ 9.96% ）and most injuries happened in April （9.08%）. By detailed analysis, more accidents happened in Monday and more fatalities in Friday, and 6.85% of the accidents happened during 10： 00-11： 00, 6.44% of the deaths during 19： 00-20：00 and 6.26% of injuries during 8： 00-9： 00. Analysis by univariate analysis of variance（ ANOVA ）showed that there were significant differences in month distribution of accidents. Male victims accounted for 68.54% of the fatalities and 66.86% of injuries. 21.2% of the injured victims and 24.85% of the fatalities were among persons of 31-40 years old of age whereas 16.94% of the fatalities were found in senior citizen（ 〉 65 ys ）. [ Conclusion ] According to the epidemiological characters of RTAs, attention should be paid to RTAs and comprehensive preventive and control measures should be taken to reduce the traffic accidents.

关 键 词：道路交通事故 时间分布 人群特征 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]