然否对照的辨释功能  

Differentiation and Interpretation of Positive-Negative Contrasts

作　　者：朱斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院语言与语言教育研究中心,武汉430079

出　　处：《语言研究》2007年第2期84-89,共6页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"现代汉语小句类型联结研究"(03CYY044);华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心211工程项目子课题"小句中枢说在汉语复句研究中的应用与验证"

摘　　要：然否对照有所肯定,有所否定,往往能体现事物的区别性和说话人的主观意向,具有辨释的功能。在辨释方式上,有“先立后破”和“先破后立”两种,其中后者居多。在辨释性质上,有语义辨释和语用辨释之别。辨释焦点的位置有前焦点、后焦点和前后焦点三种,焦点位置会影响辨释格式的对称性。辨释焦点有单焦点和双焦点之别,焦点内容与焦点位置和“是”字句的表意类型有关。然否对照可用省略、隐含、共用等手段凸显焦点,还可通过焦点扩充、焦点增生、焦点多对应来丰富焦点内容。焦点还有静态和动态之分。辨释重心一般落在肯定“是”字句上。辨释强度可分为强辨释、中度辨释、弱辨释和综合辨释,其中基本强度是中度辨释。The positive-negative contrasts containing affirmation and negation embody the differentiation of the things and the intention of the speakers. So the positive-negative contrasts can be used to make differentiation and interpretation. The author approaches the subject from the following three angles： the patterns and properties, the focus, the main emphasis and the intensity. There are two patterns ofXian Li Hou Po（先立后破） and Xian Po Hou Li（先破后立） in the positive-negative contrasts, and the latter is the commonly used one. The property of the positive-negative contrasts is semantic or pragmatic. The contrastive focus is located at the ahead, the behind or the ahead-behind. The symmetry of the patterns depends on the location of the focus. The contrastive focus is single or double. The content of the focus is related to the location of the focus and the meaning of the clause of Shi（是）. We can lay stress on the focus in the devices of elision, implication or sharing, and also enrich the contents of the focus through expanding, attaching or various-corresponding focus. The focus is static or dynamic. The main emphasis of the positive-negative contrasts lies on the positive clause of Shi（是）. The scale of intensity of the positive-negative contrasts divides into the strong, the moderate, the weak and the compound, among them the moderate intensity is the basic one.

关 键 词：然否 对照 辨释 焦点 重心 强度 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]