土壤肥力和植株密度对冬小麦冠层结构的影响  

Effects of Soil Fertility and Planting Density on Canopy Structure of Winter Wheat

作　　者：石强[1] 李德志[1] 朱志玲[1] 王绪平[1] 盛丽娟[1] 柯世朕[1] 王超华[1] 范旭丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学环境科学系上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复实验室

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2007年第19期5720-5724,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30370245;30470288);上海市生态学重点学科项目;华东师范大学211工程项目

摘　　要：[目的]为了研究土壤肥力和植株密度对冬小麦冠层结构的影响。[方法]在不同土壤肥力和种植密度条件下,研究了冬小麦群体茎、叶特征的变化。[结果]冬小麦起身期的总茎数略低于成穗数,群体最大时期株型呈现梭形,开花期叶面积系数为4是较为合理的冠层结构;土壤肥力对小麦前期的茎、叶生长影响显著,在中后期也有一定的影响;密度则在形成最大群体前影响茎叶的生长,到小麦开花后影响不明显。密度对小麦产量的影响比土壤肥力更为显著。[结论]合理群体的小麦叶片会随太阳方位角和高度角的变化而变化。当群体在早晚获得充分光照时,有利于提高群体光能利用总效率和总产量。该研究为培育新品种和改进栽培措施提供了参考依据。[Objective] The influences of soil fertility and planting density on the canopy structure of winter wheat were studied.[Method] The stem and leaf characteristics changes of winter wheat population were analyzed under the condition of different soil fertility and planting density.[Result] It was confirmed as a reasonable population when the total stem number of wheat in reviving stage was lower than the mature spike number,the shuttle-shaped plant form at the stage of maximal population,and the leaf area coefficient in flowering stage was 4. Soil fertility had significant influence on the growth of wheat sterns and leaves at early stage and had certain influenee at middle-late stage. Density influenced the growth of stems and leaves before the forma- tion of the largest population, while it had little effect after flowering. Density had more significant effects on wheat yield than soil fertility. [Conclusion] Wheat leaves of reasonable population varied with changes of solar position angle and altitudinal angle. Sufficient light obtained by the wheat population in the morning and evening favored to enhance the total light energy efficiency of population and total yield. This research provided a reference for developing new varieties and improving cultivation treasures.

关 键 词：冬小麦 密度 土壤肥力 合理群体 总茎数 叶片聚集 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]