聚果榕与大果榕隐头果内雌花花柱分布方式及与其传粉蜂间的关系  

Compare of Style Length of Female Florets and Relationship with Their Fig Pollinating Wasps in Monoecious Ficus racemosa and Dioecious Ficus auriculata

作　　者：翟树伟[1] 杨大荣[1] 彭艳琼[1] 徐磊[1] 白莉芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园

出　　处：《林业科学》2007年第6期67-71,共5页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30571507;30670358);中国科学院植物园与生物分类学基金(KSCX2-YW-003)

摘　　要：榕属植物与传粉榕小蜂都依靠榕果内的雌花繁育后代,因此它们之间存在着竞争资源的冲突。测量雌雄同株榕树聚果榕与雌雄异株榕树大果榕雌花期的雌花花柱长度,分析其资源分配方式。结果表明:聚果榕雌花花柱长度呈单峰分布,而大果榕呈双峰分布。在雄花期,聚果榕传粉榕小蜂与种子分别倾向占用不同花梗长度的雌花:种子多靠近果壁,传粉榕小蜂的后代多存在于靠近果腔的雌花子房内,形成空间上的分离。大果榕的种子与传粉榕小蜂则分别产生于雌雄株隐头果中,实现了完全的空间隔离。就此而言,雌雄异株榕树大果榕在解决资源分配的竞争冲突中具有更大的优势。Fig-tree （Ficus） and its pollinating fig wasps （Hymenoptera： Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae ） form an obligated mutualism, which is a model system for the study of coevolution. It is a fascinating question how the female florets distributed between wasps and seeds. In monoecious Ficus, the seeds and fig wasps are in conflict on the use of flower ovaries to reproduction in the same syconium. But in dioecious Ficus, seeds and wasps are grow on different trees, so there is no competition for female flowers. The style length of monoecious F. racemosa and dioecious F. auriculata was measured to compare the distribution of female florets. The results suggest that the style length distribution is single pick in F. racemosa while that is bimodal in F. auriculata. At the post-floret stage, fig pollinating wasps and seeds are produced in flowers with different pedicel length in F. racemosa. Most flowers near fig wall produce seeds while those projected into cavity produce wasps. In F. auriculata, the seeds and wasps are separated in seed figs and gall figs respectively. The spatial allocation of seeds and wasps suggest that dioecious Ficus are more evolved in the allocation of female florets.

关 键 词：雌雄同株 雌雄异株 榕属 花柱长度 产卵器长度 

分 类 号：S718.52[农业科学—林学]