基于3S技术的震害快速评估  

3S-based quick evaluation of earthquake damage

作　　者：李萍[1] 陶夏新[1] 颜世菊[2] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090 [2]中国地震局工程力学研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2007年第3期109-113,共5页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：铁道部开放实验室暨北京市重点实验室资助项目(TDXX0504);地震学联合基金课题(606027);黑龙江省自然科学基金课题(G2005-13);地震科学联合基金(606024);黑龙江省留学归国基金(LC06C37)

摘　　要：地震是人类面临的重大自然灾害之一,破坏性地震发生后,对震害的快速评估有利于政府及有关部门对灾情迅速做出应急反应。实施救援。地理信息系统(GIS)、遥感(RS)和全球定位系统(GPS)合称为3S技术。随着计算机技术和地球空间科学的发展,3S技术已逐渐应用于防灾减灾领域。探讨了应用3S技术替代传统的经验性估计快速评估震害的技术路线、方法和前景。首先,归纳了目前防震减灾信息及辅助决策系统建设取得的成绩和存在的问题,通过两个破坏性地震的震害实例,说明了应用基于GIS的系统快速评估震害的可能性和有待重点解决的问题。然后,通过新疆一次地震的遥感图像的变化检测,展示了震害快速评估中借助遥感数字图像处理技术的前景。在上述综合分析的基础上,讨论了三者结合的重要性、潜在功能和优点。Earthquake is one of the main disasters to humankind. Quick evaluation of earthquake damage from a destructive earthquake is very helpful to government quickly making decision of emergence response. Geographical information system （GIS）,remote sensing （RS） and global positioning system （GPS） are combined to be named 3S technology. As a new technology, it is gradually adopted in domain of disaster prevention and reduction along with the development of the computer technology and the geo-space science. In this paper, the technology means and prospect of using 3S technology to quickly evaluate the earthquake damage were discussed. Firstly, two earthquake damage cases are presented to show the possibility and problem in quick evaluation of earthquake damage by means of GIS based system. Secondly, a result of Bachu earthquake damage tion prospect in earthquake damage quick assessment. At the end, a by RS is put forward to illustrate the applicageneral discussion is presented on the importance, potential application and advantage of 3S integrated system.

关 键 词：地理信息系统 遥感 全球定位系统 震害 快速评估 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学]