江西三清山台湾松+白豆杉-猴头杜鹃植物群落研究  

Plant community of Pinus taiwanensis + Pseudotaxus chienii-Rhododendron simiarum from Sanqing Mountain, China

作　　者：林石狮[1] 沈如江[1] 郭微[1] 廖文波[1] 彭少麟[1] 吴金火 陈晖 方绍文 

机构地区：[1]有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室//中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510275 [2]江西省三清山风景名胜区管理委员会,江西上饶334000

出　　处：《生态环境》2007年第3期912-919,共8页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：江西三清山风景区科学考察项目;国家自然科学基金项目(30670385);国家自然科学基金重点项目(U0633002)

摘　　要：对三清山台湾松（Pinus taiwanensis Hayata）-白豆杉（Pseudotaxus chienii（Cheng）Cheng）-猴头杜鹃（Rhododendron simiarum Hance）群落进行野外调查和分析,结果表明,（1）从群落组成、外貌、结构分析看该群落是保存较好的典型中亚热带针阔叶混交林,地理成分构成以热带属占52.60%,温带属占46.08%;按重要值计算,群落优势种组成以杜鹃花科（24.38%）、松科（22.93%）、山茶科（19.45%）、壳斗科（10.27%）占优势,而建群种、优势种主要为猴头杜鹃（64.53%）、台湾松（56.11%）、白豆杉（29.36%）、荷木（19.68%）、黑柃（15.99%）、细叶青冈（15.82%）和厚叶红淡比（15.79%）。（2）Simpson物种多样性指数为1.00,Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数为3.66,频度值分析为A〉B〉CE,同Raunkiaer标准频度定律有一定差异。（3）群落组成以多优势种为特征,从年龄结构图看均为衰退种群,衰退程度为：台湾松〉猴头杜鹃〉荷木〉白豆杉〉黑柃〉细叶青冈〉厚叶红淡比,且前三种衰退程度很高。（4）群落生活型以高位芽植物占绝对优势（70.21%）,地上芽植物次之（25.32%）,地面芽植物（2.13%）和隐芽植物（2.13%）较少。（5）群落的乔木层明显分为2层,高度在10-18m,以台湾松、荷木、细叶青冈优势,7-10m以白豆杉、黑柃、猴头杜鹃占优势。猴头杜鹃优势度极大,覆盖度达0.6-0.98,较大的荫闭环境对其它优势种如台湾松、白豆杉等幼苗的更新造成极大的影响。（6）从总体上看,该台湾松、白豆杉群落是一个典型的亚热带地带性常绿阔叶林,群落物种多样性、均匀度较高,在演替上实际上处于一种相对稳定的状况。According to a field survey and analysis of plot data, the characteristics of plant community of Pinus taiwanensis -Pseudotaxus chienii - Rhododendron simiarum from Sanqing Mountain in Jingxi province, China, were studied. The results showed that, （1） viewing from the composes, perform and color, and structure of community, it is protected well, a typical conifer- and broad-leaved mixed forest in the middle subtropics. The geographical elements are characterized by the tropical genera （52.60%） and temperate genera （46.08%）. Based on the Impotance Value, the community composes is characterized by the typical families, such as Ericaceae （24.38%）, Pinaceae （22.93%）, Theaceae （19.45%） and Fagaceae （10.27%）, and so on, which the main dominant species are such as Rhododendron simiarum （64.53%）, Pinus taiwanensis （56.11%）, Pseudotaxus chienii （29.36%）, Schima superba （19.68%）, Eurya macartneyi （15.99%）, Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia （ 15.82%）, Cleyera pachyphylla （15.79%）, and so on. （2） The Simpson index is 1.00, and the Shannon-Wiener index is 3.66. But the frequency grades is A 〉 B 〉 C 〈 D 〉 E, which is different from Ranukiaer＇s law of frequency. （3） The community composes is with many dominant species, and they are belonged to declining populations. And the extent of decline, in turn, is Pinus taiwanensis 〉 Rhododendron simiarum 〉 Schima superba 〉 Pseudotaxus chienii 〉 Eurya macartneyi 〉 Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia 〉 Cleyera pachyphylla. （4） The analysis of the life forum show that the phanerophytcs are preponderant （70.31%）, and the chamaephytes are abundant （25.32%）. But it also has some hemieryptophytes （2.13%） and cryptophytes （2.13%）. （5） In community construction, the tree layer can be divided into two layers obviously, which the first layer was characterized by Pinus taiwanensis, Schima superba, Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia, and Pinus taiwanensis has the predomi- nance when the layer is over 10 m,

关 键 词：白豆杉(Pseudotaxus chienii(Cheng)Cheng) 植物群落 江西三清山 衰退种群 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]