被子植物质体遗传的细胞学研究  

A CYTOLOGICAL STUDY OF PLASTID INHERITANCE IN ANGIOSPERMS

作　　者：胡适宜[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学生命科学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》1997年第4期363-371,共9页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

摘　　要：植物细胞质遗传涉及细胞质中含DNA的两种细胞器——质体和线粒体从亲代至子代的传递。相对来说线粒体遗传的研究远不及质体的多,这可能是线粒体这种细胞器缺乏合适的表型突变体之故。高等植物质体遗传的研究历史可追溯到本世纪初在杂交试验中对叶色遗传的非孟德尔定律的发现,Baur在马蹄纹天竺葵(Pelargonium zonale)中从叶色突变体(白化体)的杂交遗传分析,发现了双亲质体遗传;而Correns在紫茉莉(Mirabilis jalapa)中则发现了单亲母本质体遗传(见Kuroiwa)。此后,对质体基因组突变性状遗传分析的研究,大量的资料说明了在被子植物中存在双亲质体遗传和单亲母系质体遗传两种类型,而后一种占大多数,仅少数是比较有规律的为双亲质体遗传或偶尔是双亲质体遗传。几十年来应用遗传分析的方法对被子植物质体遗传的研究,着重于揭示不同植物种质体的遗传是单亲母系或是双亲质体传递,以及探索杂种核基因对质体传递方式的影响。The aim of the paper is to review the cytological basis of plastid inheritance in an-giosperms, including the recent results on eletron microscopic studies of the male cell development and the processes of fertilization, and DNA fluor chrome DAPI in conjunction with epifluorescence microscopy for in situ detection of plastid DNA in the generative and/or sperm cells of the pollen. It is generally accepted that there are three modes of plastid inheritance in angiosperms namely, uni-parental maternal, biparental and uniparental parternal plastid inheritance. From all the data atempt is mde to summarize the cytological basis of the different modes of plastid inheritance. The uniparental maternal plastid inheritance is dominant in angiosperms. Its cytological events are characterized as the physical exclusion of plastids, the alteration of plastids during male cell development, and the exclusion of male plastids during syngamy. The plastid alteration is mainly caused by the elimination of plastid DNA in the generative or sperm cells of the pollen. Evidently, in the biparental plastid inheritance the generative and sperm cells contain plastids and their DNA persistently, which are regularly transmitted into the zygote and in turn into the next generation. But the frequency of biparental plastid inheritance in certain species may be influenced by: (1) control of nuclear genotype, (2) the role of the plastidome in the process of plastid transmission and possibly in plastid multiplication, and (3) the ratio of plastid number between male and female cells,and the plastid distribution in the zygote. Recently, using RFLP method, uniparental paternal plastid inheritance is demonstrated in Medicago saliva, Daucus and Pharbitis. These results indicated that this mode of plastid inheritance is definitely present in angiosperms. The cytological mechanism is that the plastids, preserving their DNA, in the generative and sperm cells may also be transmitted into the zygote. On the other hand, the female plastids are incapable of gen

关 键 词：被子植物 细胞质遗传 质体遗传 细胞学 

分 类 号：Q949.703[生物学—植物学]