黑龙江林口林业局森林景观格局特征  

Characters of forest landscape patterns in Linkou Forestry Bureau of Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：高瑞馨[1] 尹艳豹[1] 王凤友[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2007年第7期995-1001,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技部"十五"攻关资助项目(2002BA515B0404)

摘　　要：以黑龙江林口林业局1:50000林相图作为基本信息源,利用地理信息系统软件ArcView和景观结构分析软件Fragstats,从景观格局的总体特征、景观破碎度、景观形状指数、分形维数和平均最近距离等方面,对该林业局的景观格局进行了分析。结果表明:该林业局以森林景观为主体(56·74%),居民点和农田景观也占有较高比例,而沼泽、灌木、荒山荒地、河流、迹地和裸地等景观零星分布于森林景观中;该林业局的森林景观主要以人工针叶纯林(40·47%)和天然蒙古栎林(20·96%)为主,斑块分布集中、形状复杂、边缘褶皱度高。人工林与天然林的面积基本相等,但破碎度较大、斑块形状相对简单、斑块分布较集中,软阔叶林及硬阔叶林斑块分别占11·89%和7·38%。研究表明,该林业局的森林景观受人为干扰程度过大,景观结构不合理,要实现林业的可持续发展,必须对景观斑块结构进行调整。With the forest type map （ 1 ： 50000） of Linkou Forestry Bureau as the basic information, and by using ArcView 3.3 and Fragstats, this paper analyzed the landscape patterns in this Bureau from the aspects of overall landscape properties, landscape fragmentation index, landscape shape index, perimeter-area fractal dimension, and mean nearest neighbor distance. The results showed that the overall landscape was dominated by forests （ 56.74% ） , and residence and farmland also had a high proportion of area. Swamps, shrubs, wastelands, rivers, harvested （and burned） areas, and bare lands were distributed sparsely. Artificial coniferous forest （40.47%） and natural Mongolian oak forests （20. 96% ） dominated the forest landscapes, with relatively lower fragmentation, comparatively complicated patch shapes, higher perimeter complexity, and comparatively centralized patch distribution. The area of plantation landscapes was nearly equal to that of natural forests, but the plantation landscapes had a higher degree of fragmentation, simpler patch shape, and relatively concentrated patch distribution. Softwood forest patches and hardwood forest patches occupied 11. 89% and 7.38% , respectively. The forest landscape in this Bureau was heavily disturbed by anthropogenic activities, and stand structure was unreasonable. Patch structures should be adjusted to meet the need of sustainable forest management.

关 键 词：林口林业局 景观要素 景观指数 格局分析 森林可持续经营 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]