坝上及邻区荒漠化土地地质特征与荒漠化防治  

Geologic characteristics of different type land desertification in Bashang Plateau and its adjacent areas

作　　者：李智佩[1] 岳乐平[1] 薛祥煦[1] 杨利荣[1] 王岷[2] 聂浩刚[2] 王飞跃 

机构地区：[1]西北大学地质学系/大陆动力学国家重点实验室,陕西西安710069 [2]中国地质调查局西安地质矿产研究所水文地质环境地质处,陕西西安710054 [3]中煤航测遥感应用研究院水文地质工程地质研究所,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》2007年第3期436-442,共7页Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：国土资源部国土资源大调查项目基金资助项目(20011230004)

摘　　要：目的研究坝上及邻区荒漠化类型与特征,提出防治对策。方法利用TM卫星遥感解译并结合野外调查,研究荒漠化类型、区域分布与地质特征;通过样品采集与室内分析,研究不同类型与级别荒漠化的粒度特征。结果提出了该地区荒漠化地质成因分类,包括风力作用下的以堆积作用为主的沙漠化和以侵蚀作用为主的砾漠化,以及物理化学作用下的土地盐渍化。不同类型和等级的荒漠化土地沉积物具有明显不同的粒度组成,轻度沙漠化和砾漠化以及盐渍化(湖相沉积)土地的细粒物质含量相对更高,<63μm的颗粒含量可达90%以上,在风暴来临时具有更大的沙尘释放潜力;相反,严重沙漠化和砾漠化土地的细粒物质含量相对较低,<63μm的颗粒含量通常低于30%,同等条件下释放沙尘潜力也较小。结论在重视保护和治理已经严重荒漠化土地的同时,更应该重视正在发生荒漠化的或者潜在荒漠化的土地的保护,尤其是重视保护湿地、裸露的湖泊滩地和干涸的湖盆等,才能有效减少沙尘暴的物质来源。Aim To study the types and characteristics and propose combating measurements of desertification in Bashan district of north Hebei Province and its adjacent regions. Methods The types, regional distributions and geologic characteristics were studied through the methods of TM satlite remote sensing and field investigation. The grain-size of differen genetic type desertification were studied through sample collection and analysed using Mastersizer 2 000. Results The geological genetic classification of desertification has been put forward on the basis of systematical studies on land desertification in the studied area. The sediments of different type and extent land desertification have distinct grain size distribution patterns. For example, fine-grained materials （ 〈 63 μm） in sandy and gobi desertification of light extent and in salinization land are high, which may be more than 90 percent. However, they are generally less than 30 percent in the desertification of strong extent. Thus, the low extent desertification areas have more potential of releasing dusts than higher ones. Conclusion Much of the landprotection should be censidered where desertification are taking place or would develop when the high extent desertification areas are protected and managed in combating land desertification. Further, the protections of swamps, bared lake bottomlands as well as dry basins are more important and more efficient ways of reducing dust materials when gales arrive in spring.

关 键 词：沙漠化 砾漠化 盐渍化 粒度组成 沙尘暴 

分 类 号：P618.510.2[天文地球—矿床学]