籼稻巨胚种质的诱变获得及遗传研究  

Induced Mutation and Genetic Analysis of Giant Embryo in Indica Rice

作　　者：章清杞[1] 张书标[1] 黄荣华[1] 林光 杨仁崔[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学作物遗传育种研究所,福州350002 [2]福建省闽清县农业局,闽清350800

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第7期1309-1314,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：福建省科技攻关计划(2005N007)

摘　　要：【目的】明确诱发产生巨胚突变的频率和巨胚基因的遗传规律。【方法】以11个籼稻品种为材料,通过60Co-γ射线辐射干种子,种植后收获自然成熟的M2代种子。将种子去壳后肉眼鉴别巨胚突变体(比原胚大至少1倍),计算水稻巨胚性状的突变频率;用通过辐射诱变获得的2个籼稻巨胚品系98-14geB和Mge86与其相应原亲本杂交配成一套F1、F2和BC1F1材料,调查种子胚的大小,研究巨胚性状的遗传。【结果】在M1代混收的M2种子中,水稻巨胚突变的出现频率平均为0.00125%,变幅为0.00029%～0.00285%。本研究以250Gy和350Gy2种剂量分别照射11个籼稻品系的干种子,在其中9个品系中获得巨胚突变体。【结论】本研究取材的2个籼稻巨胚突变体均为单隐性基因突变,且均与粳稻巨胚品种1137的巨胚基因等位,无非等位巨胚基因发现;胚的大小直接由种子基因型决定,而同为胚发育提供营养的母体基因型及细胞质均无关系。[Objective] The research was made in order to determine the giant embryo mutation frequency and genetic regularity of giant embryo （ge） gene. [ Method] The seeds of 11 Indica rice cultivars were treated by nucleus irradiation and the strains with giant embryo grains were selected in M2 generation. The giant embryo frequency of mutation in M2 was calculated. The inheritance of giant embryo characters in Indica rice was studied by investigating the size of embryo of plants in generations of P1, P2, F1, F2 and BC1F1, which were made by crossing the giant embryo mutants 98-14geB and Mge86 with their corresponding original types 98-14B and Minghui86. [Result] The main results were as following： The giant embryo mutation frequency of indica rice averaged 0.00125% at a range of 0.00029%-0.00285%, varying with applied dosage and mutated materials. A total of 11 varieties were irradiated and giant embryo mutants were obtained in M2 populations of 9 varieties. [ Conclusion ] The trait of giant embryo is genetically controlled by a pair of recessive genes. The size of rice embryo is only controlled by the genotype of zygote, and not affected by the genotypes of the female parent plant and the cytoplasm. Hence, it is possible to identify giant embryo mutants directly from seeds of M2 or F2.. Population allelic tests shown that the genes in 98-14geB and Mge86 are allelic to the ge gene of Japonica giant embryo mutant ＂1137＂ from Korean.

关 键 词：籼稻 巨胚 辐射诱变 突变率 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]