下层土壤容重对玉米植株养分吸收和分配的影响  

Influences of Soil Bulk Density in Deep Soil Layers on Absorption and Distribution of Nitrogen,Phosophrous and Potassium in Maize (Zea mays L.)

作　　者：李潮海[1] 梅沛沛[1] 王群[1] 郝四平[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/河南省作物生长发育调控重点实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第7期1371-1378,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：河南省"九五"重点科技攻关项目(960201019)

摘　　要：【目的】研究下层土壤容重对玉米植株N、P、K吸收和分配的影响。【方法】采用池栽试验,模拟大田不同土层容重实际存在状况,将池土分为3个层次,各处理上层(0～20cm)土壤容重保持一致,播前按照处理要求调整各个处理20～40cm、40～60cm两个土层的土壤容重。【结果】下层土壤容重对玉米N、P、K等营养元素的吸收有很大影响,其影响程度大小为K>P>N,这种影响在吐丝期表现尤为明显。N、P、K的积累量均随着下层土壤容重的增加而减小,而且处理间差异显著。N、P、K在各器官中的分配比例和转移率大小也受下层土壤容重的影响,特别是各个时期N、P、K在玉米生长中心中分配的比例随着土壤容重的增加而减少。不同层次土壤容重对N、P、K的吸收和分配均产生交互影响,且20～40cm土层容重对N、P、K的吸收和分配的影响远大于40～60cm土层。【结论】通过调整下层土壤容重,尤其是20～40cm土层容重,可以促使玉米吸收更多的矿质营养,并使营养元素更多地向生长中心分配,促进玉米的生长和后期干物质的积累。[Objective] The study was carried out to investigate the influences of soil bulk density in deep soil layers for absorption and distribution of nitrogen, phosophrous and potassium in maize. [Method] The pool cultivation were employed under field exposure. The pool soil was divided into three different soil layers： 0- 20 cm （without any change in each treatment）, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm with different soil bulk density （BD）, which were adjusted before seeding. [Result] The main results showed that soil BD in deep soil layers had significant effects on absorption of N, P, K in maize, especially at the silking stage. Among nutrients, the order of the effects was K〉P〉N. Accumulation of N, P, K significantly differed among the five treatments with the order T224〉 T244〉T226〉T246〉T266. Soil BD in deep soil layers also affected distributive proportion and transferring rate of N, P, K in the different organs, especially around the growth centre, of maize plant at different stages. The distributive proportion of N, P, K decreased with the increase of soil BD in deep soil layers. It showed the highest proportion in T224 and the lowest proportion in T266. Absorption and distribution of N, P, K in maize were interactively affected by soil BD of the two different deep soil layers.The effect of soil BD in 20-40 cm was more significant than that in 40-60 cm. [Conclusion] Adjustment of soil BD in the deep soil layers, especially the 20-40 cm layer, could enable maize plants to absorb more nutrients, to distribute more nutrients in organs around the growth center, and to improve accumulation of dry matter at the later growth stages.

关 键 词：土壤容重 玉米 养分 吸收 分配 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]