青枯雷尔氏菌在植株体内分布及其致病力的异质性研究  

Study on Numerical and Pathogenic Variations of Ralstonia solanacearum Distributed Within the Tissue of Host Plants

作　　者：刘波[1] 朱育菁[1] 林抗美[1] 肖荣凤[1] 葛慈斌[1] 蓝江林[1] 冒乃和[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所,福州350003

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第7期1559-1566,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"项目(2002AA244031-2);福建省科技厅重大项目(2000Z031);福建省计委项目(闽计农经[2002]48号)

摘　　要：【目的】通过分析青枯雷尔氏菌在不同寄主发病植株、在同一寄主不同侵染状态植株和同一寄主不同发病阶段植株体内分布及其致病力的异质性,从生态位角度来初步探讨该病原菌与植物之间的相互关系。【方法】采用田间采样,室内测定样本的含菌量及其病原菌的致病性(弱化指数),统计分析比较青枯雷尔氏菌在寄主植株体内的分布和致病力的异质性。【结果】番茄和茄子病株体内青枯雷尔氏菌的平均含菌量>100×108cfu/g,显著高于烟草、花生和生姜(<70×108cfu/g)。青枯雷尔氏菌的分布在番茄体内依次为根部>中部以上茎>中部以下茎;茄子和花生从根到上部茎依次含菌量逐渐降低;烟草根部和中部茎的含菌量显著高于下部和上部茎;生姜下部茎的含菌量显著高于姜块和中上部茎。不同寄主植物植株体内青枯雷尔氏菌的致病性差异显著,根据弱化指数的划分标准,平均弱化指数的大小依次为茄子>烟草>花生>番茄>生姜;生姜体内的青枯雷尔氏菌的平均弱化指数为0.49(<0.60),明显表现为强致病力,茄子体内的为0.80,接近于无致病力,烟草、花生和番茄为0.64～0.70,属于致病力不确定的菌株。茄子、生姜和花生的健康和发病植株检测的结果表明,仅有花生的健康与发病植株同时存在着青枯雷尔氏菌,而茄子和生姜健株无青枯雷尔氏菌侵染。【结论】青枯雷尔氏菌在不同寄主、不同发病状态、不同生育期植株体内的分布及致病力呈现明显的生态位分化的特征,了解这一特性对于青枯雷尔氏菌控制具有重要意义。[ Objective ] The numerical and pathogenic variations of Ralstonia solanacearum distributed within the tissue of host plants were investigated for a preliminary study. Scientists discussed the relationship between the pathogen and the plant particularly from the point view of an ecological niche. [Method] The samples were taken in the fields of tomato, eggplant, tobacco, peanut and ginger in Fujian province. R. solanacearum was separated from the different parts of tissues on TTC medium with Colony-Forming-Unit and Pathogenic Index （Attenuation Index） calculations. [Result] The results showed that the numerical averages of R. solanacearum within the infected plants of tomato and eggplant （〉100 × 10^8 cfu/g） were significantly higher than those within the infected plants of tobacco, peanut and ginger （〈70× 10^8 cfu/g）. The amounts of R. solanacearum in the tissue of tomato ranged in the ascending order of root〉 middle-top stem 〉 middle-low stem. They reduced gradually from root to top stem in the tissues of eggplant and peanut and were significantly higher in the root and middle stem than low and top stems in the tissues of tobacco. They were higher in the low part of stem than in the middle-top part of stem in tissues of ginger, respectively. The averages of attenuation indexes in the infected plants of different hosts were counted in ascending order as eggplant〉tobacco〉peanut〉ginger; the pathogen from ginger exhibited as virulent strain with attenuation index of 0.49 （〈0.60）, while that from eggplant was close to avirulent strain with attenuation index of 0.80 .Those from tobacco, peanut and tomato belonged to strains of uncertain virulence with attenuation indices of 0.64-0.70. R. solanacearum could be found in both healthy and infected plants of peanut, whereas it could only be detected in the infected plants of eggplant and ginger. The amount and pathogenicity of R. solanacearum were tested in great differences at the different periods of disease developing stages. [Conclusio

关 键 词：青枯雷尔氏菌 分布 致病力 生态位 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学]