利用发光菌测量汽油发动机润滑油生物毒性的试验研究  

An Experimental Study on Ecotoxicity Test of Lubricating Oils for Gasoline Engines by Luminescent Bacteria

作　　者：孙玉德[1] 吉学东[1] 宫玉英[1] 杨礼河[1] 李志辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学内燃机研究所,天津300072

出　　处：《润滑与密封》2007年第7期82-86,共5页Lubrication Engineering

摘　　要：利用发光菌作为受试物种,参照美国材料与试验学会ASTMD6081和国标GB/T15441进行汽油机润滑油生物毒性的试验研究。介绍了试验所用器材、润滑油水溶性馏分（WSF）和可容纳水馏分（WAF）的制备过程及生物毒性试验方法,对我国目前使用的3种典型的汽油机水冷润滑油进行了发光菌毒性实际检测,试验研究表明,利用发光菌作为汽油机润滑油急性生物毒性检测具有一定的科学性和先进性。试验中发光菌与毒液的接触时间为15-20s,制备WAF过程中转速为1200r/min搅拌时间6h条件下,分别测得3种润滑油WSF的毒性半致死量LD50,参照我国“急性毒性（LD50）剂量分级”3种润滑油相当于大鼠口服半致死量的无毒级别,相当于人的致死量低毒级别。A series of experiments study on ecotoxicity test of lubricating oils was made by applying luminescent bacteria as a test organism,according to standards of America ASTM D6081 ＆ China GB/T 15441. The experimental apparatus and method and test materials were introduced, including the principle of WAF （ water accommodated fraction ） ＆ WSF （ water soluble fraction） and the technique of applying luminescent bacteria to three typical water-cooled gasoline engine oils for ecotoxicity test. The results show that the ecotoxicity test of gasoline engine oils by applying luminescent bacteria has its science and advantage. The experimental tests of three sample oils were finished in the condition of 15 - 20 second, exposuring time, during the time of 6 hours in preparing WAF at the speed of 1 200 revolution per minute. The ecotoxicity of WSF median lethal dose representing in LD50 were inspected and calculated, and they are grade 6 ＂no poisonous class＂ for big rat affused by mouth test, grade 5 ＂actually no poisonous class＂ for person lethal dose according to China standard ＂acute toxicity （ LD50 ） dose classification＂.

关 键 词：发光菌 润滑油 生物毒性 

分 类 号：TE626.3[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]