连接经验与理论:建立中国的现代学术  

Joining the Empirical and the Theoretical: Toward a Scholarship that is both Chinese and Modern

作　　者：黄宗智[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2007年第4期5-25,共21页Open Times

摘　　要：本文突出经验与理论连接问题,由此回顾西方现代主义下的一些无视经验证据的偏激理论倾向,特别是近年的美国新保守主义国家意识形态化下的原教旨市场主义以及其高度形式化的新古典经济学。它们掩盖了西方本身实践历史中的经验背景。新近的后现代主义思潮则从现代主义绝对真理信念的极端走到了怀疑一切经验证据的极端。文章强调,学术研究首先要摆脱意识形态,认识到人文社会科学不可能具有数学和物理学那样的普适和绝对理论。要建立既是中国的也是现代的学术,应该推进中国长期以来在认识论上紧密连接经验与概念的传统,从中国的实践历史中提炼分析概念,摆脱现代主义(以及后现代主义)的偏激认识论,并同时吸纳西方的实践历史所包含的真实现代性。This essay spotlights the problem of joining the empirical and the theoretical, and reviews from that point of view the rather extreme tendency to ignore the empirical in some Western modernist theories, especially the fundamentalist marketism and highly formalized neoclassical economics that have been made into state ideology by Neoconservatives in the U.S. Those have covered up the empirical background of the history of practice of the West itself. Postmodernists, on the other hand, have gone from the modernist belief in absolute truths to the opposite extreme of doubting all empirical evidence. This essay suggests that scholarly research must first of all take leave of ideology, and recognize that universalist and absolutist theories such as those of mathematics and physics are not possible in the humanities and social sciences. To develop a scholarship that is at once modern and Chinese, we need to build upon the longstanding Chinese epistemological tradition of joining the conceptual closely with the empirical, formulate analytical concepts on the basis of the history of practice, set aside the extreme epistemological theories of modernism （as well as of postmodernism）, and at the same time draw upon what is genuinely modern in the history of practice of the West.

关 键 词：经验证据 现代学术 中国 连接 西方现代主义 后现代主义思潮 意识形态化 新古典经济学 

分 类 号：C0[社会学]