南疆棉区地面灌溉棉田高效节水灌溉方式研究  

Study on High Efficient and Water Saving Irrigation Regime for Surface Irrigation in Cotton Region of South Xinjiang

作　　者：董合林[1] 伍维模[2] 毛树春[1] 王润珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所农业部棉花遗传改良重点开放实验室,河南安阳455000 [2]塔里木大学,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2007年第4期96-100,105,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：农业部农业结构调整重大技术研究专项(04-07-03B)

摘　　要：研究了南疆地面灌溉条件下棉花生育期不同灌溉定额的土壤水分动态、棉株叶片水势动态、棉花耗水规律以及对棉花生长发育、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,棉花全生育期灌溉定额345 mm,每次灌水量60～75 mm,土壤供水明显不足,叶片水势下降较快,棉株生育受到抑制,减产严重;灌溉定额480mm,每次灌水量90～105 mm,在15 d左右的灌水周期内,土壤供水适宜,棉株生长稳健,产量与充分灌溉相当,水分生产效率显著高于低量灌溉和充分灌溉;灌溉定额615 mm,每次灌水量105～135 mm,土壤水分偏多,棉株生长过旺,与适量灌溉相比并没有增产效果,且耗水量加大、水分生产效率下降。在试验结果的基础上提出了南疆棉区合理的灌溉制度。Effects of the irrigation schedules of surface irrigation during cotton growing season on change of soil moisture and leaf water potential, water consumption, growth, yield and water use efficiency in cotton field were studied. The results showed： （a） by irrigating 345 mm during the whole season and 60-75 mm each application, the soil moisture supplying ability was obviously deficient, the drop of leaf water potential was faster, the cotton growth was inhibited, the yield sharply decreased; （b） by irrigating 480 mm during whole season and 90-105 mm each, the soil supplied sufficient water in 15 days alternation, the cotton grew steadily and vigorously, the yield equal to with full-irrigate, and the water use efficiency were higher than that of insufficient and full-irrigation; （c） by irrigating 615 mm during whole season and 105-135 mm each, the soil supplied too much water, the growth was too strong, the yield did not increased comparing with common irrigation schedule while the water consumption increased, and the water use efficiency was reduced. An rational irrigation regime for cotton production in south Xinjiang was proposed based on the studies.

关 键 词：南疆棉区 地面灌溉 灌溉方式 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]