半夏炮制解毒机制的研究I  

Study on processing mechanism of Pinellia ternate

作　　者：吴皓[1] 钟凌云[1] 李伟[1] 叶定江[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2007年第14期1402-1406,共5页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(BK2004153)

摘　　要：目的:阐明半夏炮制时采用8%明矾水或pH>12碱水炮制的解毒机制。方法:以药典规定的明矾浓度和碱液浓度浸泡生半夏,并采用电子显微镜扫描观察、氧化还原滴定法测定草酸钙含量、家兔眼刺激性实验等。结果:生半夏经过药典规定的8%明矾水浸泡或以10%的Na2CO3浸泡后,刺激性成分草酸钙针晶被锈蚀溶解,不溶性草酸钙含量从1%以上急剧下降到0.5%以下,半夏的刺激性也随之下降;半夏炮制后草酸钙含量降低到0.5%以下几乎不引起刺激性。结论:8%明矾水或pH>12以上的碱水炮制可以使生半夏药材中具有强刺激性成分草酸钙针晶的针形晶体破坏,含量降低,刺激性毒性降低;茜草、山药等无刺激性药材中草酸钙针晶的晶形、质地和含量与半夏具有非常大的差异。Objective： Elucidating the detoxification mechanism of the raw Pinellia ternata, processed by alum solution or alkaline solution （pH 〉 12）. Method： Raw Pinellia ternata was immersed in alum solution and alkaline solution according to Chinese pharmacopoeia. Observed the shapes changing of needle-like calcium oxalate crystals by scanning electro-microscopy. Determinating the contents of calcium oxalate crystals by applying oxidation reduction titration. Measured the irritations of raw P. ternata and various processing products on the model of rabbits＇eyes. Result： After processed by 8% alum solution prescribed in Chinese pharmacopoeia or 10% sodium carbonate solution, the needle-like shape of raphides in raw Pinellia ternata were changing and the sting barb of raphides were rusted and dissolved, the contents of calcium oxalate crystal in raw Pinellia ternata were sharply declined from more than 1% to less than 0. 5%. the decline of contents is relative to the irritation decline of P. ternata on rabbit＇s eyes. Less than 0. 5% calcium oxalate crystals of P. ternata almost had no irritation. Conclusion： After processed by 8% alum solution or sodium carbonate solution （pH 〉 12）, the irritation components in raw P. ternata could be rusted and dissolved, the needle point of raphides was broken, which led to the raphides%ontent declining and the irritation disappearing. The micro-structures, shapes and contents of calcium oxalate crystals in different medicine plants were not same. These properties of calcium oxalate crystal in India Madder Root and yam et al were very different from those in raw P. ternata.

关 键 词：半夏 炮制机制 草酸钙针晶 

分 类 号：R283[医药卫生—中药学]