黄河源区哈江盐池的成因与意义  

ORIGIN OF THE HAJIANG SALINE POOL IN THE SOURCE AREA OF THE YELLOW RIVER AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

作　　者：陈智梁[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都地质矿产研究所,成都610082

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2007年第4期607-612,共6页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国土资源部重大基础项目(批准号:2001010203);美国科学基金大陆动力学项目(批准号:EAR-9614970)共同资助

摘　　要：黄河源区哈江盐池被认为是古羌人从青藏高原东北部草原地带向成都平原迁徙和扩张的起点,而且得益于盐的开发和行运。地质-地貌和气候变迁资料表明,黄河在7000aB·P.前后的溯源侵蚀切开了多石峡,开始拓展了黄河源区。在这个过程中,黄河袭夺了北侧来自布青山区给予其南侧湖泊补给的河流,使哈江古湖失去了原先的主要补给,成为半封闭的小湖。5500aB·P.的全新世中期气候转变,特别是约4500aB·P.的重大干-冷事件不仅驱使古羌人由草原向河谷、平原的迁徙,而且促成了哈江盐池的形成。从而,才有了昆仑以南青藏高原东北部草原地带的古代制盐业基地,也才有可能推动古代先民的向东迁徙。The Hajiang saline pool in the source area of the Yellow River is located in Madoi County, Qinghai Province, at 36.42°N, 99.06°E. It was considered as the starting place of the ancient Qiang people who migrated from grasslands in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Chengdu Plain in the Upper Ancient Age. Then, the ancient Qiang people created the San Xing Dui and Jin Sha cultures in Chengdu and the adjacent area. According to the analyses of geomorphological evolution and related climatic variation, it is suggested that the developmental process of the Hajiang saline pool may be divided into two stages ： the paleo-lake stage and the saline lake stage. In the first stage, the Yellow River incised into the Duoshixia Gorge from the east to the west and stretched up to the Source Area, as the results of headward erosion and river capture since ca. 7000aB. P. The Hajiang paleo-lake lost its major water supply from mountains of the north side. Although late development of this stage made the Hajiang paleo-lake into a half-closed lake, it is suggested that the lake was not a saline lake under warm-humid climate during that age （equal to the ＂Atlantic Period＂ or the ＂Altithermal Period＂）. The Hajiang paleo-lake later became a half-dry saline lake because of the Middle Holocene climatic change （＂ Mid-Holocene transition＂） from warm-humid to cold-dry and a series of climatic events since 5500aB. P., especially the great cold-dry event （ equal to ＂IRD （ ice-rafted debris） event 3 ＂,or ＂Holocene event 3＂ ） at ca. 4500aB. P. The geomorphological evolution and climatic variation not only resulted in the formation of the saline pool, but also compelled the ancient Qiang people to migrate to lower and warmer places, among which the valleys in the eastern margin of the Plateau and the Chengdu Plain were the best choices. The formation of the Hajiang saline pool made it possible for local residents to develop an ancient salt industry to exchange salt with others from the adjacent

关 键 词：哈江盐池 黄河源区 溯源侵蚀 河流袭夺 气候变迁 

分 类 号：K871[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] P343.1[历史地理—历史学]