沙冬青属〔Ammopiptanthus (Maxim.) Chen f.〕植物群落特征分析  

Analysis on the Characteristics of Communities of Ammopiptanthus nanus and A. mongolicus

作　　者：张强[1] 潘伯荣[1] 张永智[1] 段士民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2007年第4期487-494,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCXZ-SW-104)

摘　　要：通过对珍稀濒危的沙冬青属2种沙冬青群落的区系组成、生活型、生态型组成、群落中物种恒有度、群落结构、多度、盖度特征的对比研究,发现其群落组成均以藜科、菊科、豆科占优势,以温带分布和泛地中海分布为主,且旱生的多年生草本、半灌木等比重较大,均表现出草原化荒漠的特点,群落结构中灌木层和草本层明显,具较强的相似性;二者共有科、属虽较多,但共有种数少,群落中常见种不同,蒙古沙冬青群落物种组成和区系组成比新疆沙冬青丰富,结构也较复杂,群落类型较多,多度和盖度也大,但均一性较差;新疆沙冬青群落旱化程度较高。从整体上看,2种沙冬青群落结构简单,物种多样性较低,多度、盖度不高,很容易受到破坏,新疆沙冬青群落比蒙古沙冬青群落更容易被破坏。There are only two species in the genus of Ammopiptanthus ： A. nanus （M. Pop. ） Cheng f. and A. mongolicus （Maxim.） Cheng f. Both of them are the endemic evergreen shrubs with broad leaves, grow in Central Asian deserts, and are the relic plants from Tertiary. Because of these special characteristics, the study on these two rare and precious plants is necessary and important. In this study, the wild communities of the genus of Ammopiptanthus in some sampling plots were investigated during the period from July 12 to 29, 2003. After comparing the communities of A. nanus and A. mongolicus, it is found that they have many similarities： the dominant families in the community are Compositae, Chenopodiaceae and Leguminosae; the principal geographical elements are the temperate element and Mediterranean element; the communities are mainly composed of the xeric perennial herbs and half-shrubs growing over the steppe deserts; the vegetation structure is simply dominated by shrub layer and herb layer; and the vegetation coverage is low. These similarities reveal that the communities adapt the desert habitat. Moreover, they also have many differences. After comparing the flora components of the communities of A. nanus and A. mongolicus, it is also found that they have many similarities in family level but share little common in species level. Compared with the community of A. mongolicus, the community of A. nanus has less flora components, simpler structure, less community types, and low coverage and abundance. However, the evenness of the community of A. nanus is higher than that of the community of A. mongolicus. The stability of both communities, especially the community of A. nanus, is poor.

关 键 词：沙冬青属[Ammopiptanthus(Maxim.)Chert f.] 新疆沙冬青 蒙古沙冬青 植物群落 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]