金属汞经人体胎盘转运和乳汁传递及对子代生长发育的影响  

Study of Maternal fetal Transfer of Mercury and Its Effects on Offspring in Human

作　　者：杨建明[1,2] 陈琼宇[1,2] 蒋学之[1,2] 吴逸明[1,2] 王移兰[1,2] 傅淑莉 傅慰祖[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海医科大学劳动卫生学教研室 [2]河南医科大学劳动卫生学教研室

出　　处：《河南医学研究》1997年第2期157-160,共4页Henan Medical Research

摘　　要：目的：为了观察金属汞经人体胎盘转运和乳汁传递情况及其对子代生长发育的影响。方法：选择职业性接触金属汞和无特殊职业接汞史孕妇进行配对研究，收集母体血、脐带血、乳汁和胎盘组织，应用冷蒸气原子吸收光谱法测定这些生物样品的汞含量，并随访观察两组子代的生长发育情况。结果：接触组母体血、脐带血、乳汁和胎盘组织等四种生物样本的三种形态（有机、无机、总汞）汞浓度显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜００５）；两组脐带血和胎盘组织的汞浓度均显著高于母体血，接触组乳汁的有机汞／总汞比值显著高于母体血。而其无机汞／总汞比值显著高于母体血（Ｐ＜００１）。两组子代生长发育情况的差异无统计学显著意义。结论：职业性接触金属汞可使女工体内汞负荷增加，金属汞易于由胎盘转运至胎儿和经乳汁分泌给新生儿，鉴于金属汞具有强的经胎盘转运和经乳汁分泌能力，认为其对子代存有潜在危害性。Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the maternal fetal transfer of metallic mercury and its effects on offspring in human.Methods:A matched study between the exposed women who had exposed to metallic mercury occupationally and the non exposed women as the control group was carried out.The maternal blood,umbilical cord blood,milk,and placental tissues were collected and analysed by means of cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CVAAS).The growth and development conditions of the offspring in the two groups were followed up.Results: The concentrations of mercury in three forms of the maternal blood,umbilical cord blood,milk,and placental tissues in the exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P <0.05).The content of mercury of the umbilical cord blood and placental tissues were higher than that of maternal blood.The ratio of organic and total mercury of milk was markedly lower than that of maternal blood in the exposed group.The ratio of inorganic to total mercury of milk was markedly higher than that of maternal blood( P <0.01).No obvious difference of the growth and development conditions of offspring between the two groups was found.Conclusion: The mercury burden of female worders in body was increased when they exposed to metallic mercury.The metallic mercury can be transferred easily to the fetus via the placenta and secreted to a newborn via milk.Therefore,this study suggested that there is a potential risk to the offspring due to the strong transfer ability of metallic mercury via the placenta and the milk from the women exposed to mercury.

关 键 词：职业中毒 汞中毒 汞 胎盘 乳汁 子代发育 

分 类 号：R135.13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]