农田土壤有效磷的时空变异及其影响因素分析——以江苏省如皋市为例  

SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF SOIL AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS —A CASE STUDY OF RUGAO COUNTY,JIANGSU PROVINCE

作　　者：廖菁菁[1] 黄标[2] 孙维侠[2] 邹忠[3] 苏建平[3] 丁峰[3] 黄耀[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [3]江苏省如皋市农技推广中心,江苏如皋226500

出　　处：《土壤学报》2007年第4期620-628,共9页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查实施项目(200320130004);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2002151);江苏省国土生态地球化学调查项目(NO.20031230008)资助

摘　　要：研究农田土壤有效磷的时空变异特征可为作物合理施肥和识别农业面源磷污染重点控制区提供科学依据。以长三角地区的江苏省如皋市为例,对不同时期农田土壤有效磷的时空变异特征进行了研究。结果表明:自1982年至2002年的20年间,有效磷在空间分布上有一定的变化,随时间整体呈持续增长的趋势,三个年代各土系有效磷平均值分别为3.51 mg kg-1、6.73 mg kg-1、12.43 mg kg-1,但不同类型的变异特征有所差别。南部的壤质云母混合型热性石灰淡色潮湿雏形土(营防系)1982年至1997年出现下降但近年来有一定回升,其余土系在各个时段内呈现不同程度地上升。其中,由江淮冲积物发育而成的、分布于中西部的、质地较粗的砂质云母混合型热性石灰淡色潮湿雏形土(磨头系和桃园系)近年来与其他土系比较增长趋缓,由江淮冲积物发育而来的分布于东北部的东陈系和由浅湖相冲积物发育而成的分布于西北部的搬经系近年来增长较快。造成这些时空变异的主要因素有施肥管理、土地利用方式的改变和土壤性质等。从全市20a来有效磷演化趋势拟合的方程经过计算表明,按目前的增长趋势,大约经过24 a,土壤中有效磷含量有可能达到对水体产生危害性的临界值。To study spatio-temporal variation of soil available phosphorus in farmland soils may provide some scientific basis for rationalizing fertilization and identifying key regions for control of agricultural non-polnt phosphorus pollution. Rugao County, Jiangsu Province was chosen as an object for a case study to analyze spatio-temporal variation of soil available P at three time periods. Results show that spatial distribution of soil available P varied remarkably in the 20 years＇ period from 1982 to 1997 and to 2002, on the whole showing a continuous rising trend, which, however, differed from soil series to soll series. In the Loam Aquatic cambosols （Yinfang） in the southern part of the area, soil available P increased in recent years after experiencing a decrease in the middle of the 1990s, and in the other soils it showed a rising trend, different in extent within each time period. In the sandy Aquatic Cambosols （ Motou and Taoyuan） derived from river alluvium in the mid-western part of the area it increased more slowly than in the other soils in recent years, meanwhile in the loam Aquatic Cambosols （Dongchen）, also developed from fiver alluvium, in the northeastern part and the loam Aquatic Cambosols （Banjing） derived from lacustrine sediment in the northwestern part of the area it increased very fast. Fertilization, land utilization and soil properties were found to be the main factors affecting spatio-temporal variation of soil available P. Based on the data of soil available P figured out with a certain fitting equation, it is anticipated that soil available P in the area may reach the critical value undermining the water bodies in the region in another 24 years.

关 键 词：江苏省如皋市 有效磷 时空变异 影响因素 

分 类 号：S159[农业科学—土壤学]