青春期前后儿童焦虑情绪的变化及其与自我意识的关系  

Relationship between the anxiety transformation of children around adolescence and their self-concept

作　　者：王洪[1] 范方[2] 苏林雁[3] 佟娜 

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军463医院儿科,辽宁沈阳110042 [2]邵阳学院心理健康教育中心,湖南邵阳422000 [3]中南大学湘雅二医院精神卫生研究所,湖南长沙410011 [4]天津武警总队卫生处,天津371004

出　　处：《中国实用儿科杂志》2007年第7期530-532,共3页Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics

基　　金：湖南省教育科学"十一五"规划重点课题(XJK06AXL004);国家自然科学基金(30370521)的资助

摘　　要：目的 探讨学龄期和青春期儿童焦虑情绪的特点和变化,以及焦虑与自我意识的相关性及其变化。方法 于2005-10—2006-01使用焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表（SCARED）,Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表（PHCSS）调查长沙市8-12岁儿童887名[男455名,女432名;年龄（10.1±1.3）岁],13-16岁儿童1030名[男524名,女506名;年龄（15.2±1.5）岁]。结果 8-12与13-16岁儿童在分离性焦虑障碍、广泛性焦虑、社交恐惧、学校恐惧、焦虑总分上差异有显著性（t=2.44-6.46,P〈0.05-0.001）,躯体化/惊恐（t=1.15,P=0.252）的差异没有达到统计学显著性。自我意识总分及各因子与焦虑均显著相关（r=0.276-0.651,P〈0.000）。智力与学校、合群2项因子,8-12岁与13-16岁儿童的自我意识总分,与13-16岁儿童的焦虑的相关性显著高于8-12岁组（Z=1.97-2.02,P〈0.05）,而幸福与满足因子与8-12岁儿童焦虑相关性显著高于13-16岁儿童（Z=2.69,P〈0.01）。结论 从学龄期到青春期,除分离性焦虑外,其他形式的焦虑水平有显著升高;焦虑与自我意识的相关性发生显著变化,13-16岁青少年更看重自己的学业和人际关系。Objective To inquire into the characteristics and relationship between the transformation of anxiety from childhood to adolescence and their self-concept. Methods A total of 887 boyhood （455boys,432girls, mean age, 15.2 ± 1.5years） and 1030 adolescence（ 524boys,506girls, mean age, 10. 1 ± 1.3years） children from Changsha schools were investigated with SCARED and PHCSS. Results There were significant difference between boyhood group and adolescence group in the matter of generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social phobia, school phobia and anxiety total score （ t = 2. 44 - 6.46, P 〈 0. 05 - 0. 000 ）. The relationships between anxiety total score and PHCSS total score or all its factors were significant （ r = 0 276 -0. 651, P 〈0. 000 ）. For self-concept total score as well as factors including intelli- gence/sc gregariousness, the coefficients correlation between anxiety total score and that of adolescence group were more more than that of boyhood group （ Z = 1.98 - 2.02, P 〈 0. 05 ）. And yet the coefficient correlation between anxiety total score and satisfaction of childhood group was more than that of adolescence group （ Z = 2. 69, P 〈0. 01 ）. Conclusion From boyhood to adolescence, children＇s total anxiety level and most of its factors increase significantly, except that separation anxiety lowers. And the relationship between anxiety and self-concept alter significantly.

关 键 词：学龄期 青春期 焦虑 自我意识 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]