热带测雨卫星综合探测结果之“云娜”台风降水云与非降水云特征  

CHARACTERISTICS OF PRECIPITATING AND NON-PRECIPITATING CLOUDS IN TYPHOON RANAN AS VIEWED BY TRMM COMBINED MEASUREMENTS

作　　者：傅云飞[1] 刘栋[1] 王雨[1] 宇如聪[2] 徐幼平[3] 程锐[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学地球与空间科学学院,合肥230026 [2]中国气象局,北京100081 [3]中国科学院大气物理研究所LASG,100029

出　　处：《气象学报》2007年第3期316-328,共13页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究专向经费(2004CB418304)";"中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目基金(ZKCX2-SW-210)";"国家自然科学基金(40175015;40375018)";"国家自然科学基金海外杰出青年基金(40428006)

摘　　要：为了解降水云与非降水云相应的微波信号、云水、雨水及潜热特征,文中利用热带测雨卫星搭载的测雨雷达、微波成像仪及红外辐射计探测的匹配融合结果,就2004年8月“云娜”台风进行了个例分析研究。结果表明:“云娜”台风过程中深厚降水云占79%,中云和低云降水仅分别占10.6%和10.4%;非降水低云所占比例最大(45.5%),高云其次(34.1%)。降水云中大粒子居多,非降水云粒子有效半径分布宽。深厚降水云中冰、水含量成正比;中等厚度降水云中的冰含量相对稳定,但液态水含量变化大;深厚和中等厚度非降水云中的冰、水含量皆成反比。对降水率、气柱潜热、气柱云水和云冰沿台风径向分布的分析结果发现,台风生成前的低压中心附近降水率和气柱总潜热比随后时次均大,表明降水释放潜热对“云娜”台风的形成起到了非常重要的作用;在台风形成后,降水率和气柱总潜热自台风云墙向外减小;随着台风的成熟,降水率和气柱总潜热沿台风径向分布趋于稳定。潜热廓线分析表明,深厚降水云潜热释放在对流层中上部(3 km以上),最大潜热高度约4.5 km。对降水云和非降水云的冰、水含量平均垂直廓线分析表明,深厚和中等厚度的降水云中水粒子含量具有相似的平均廓线,最大值(约0.03 g/m3)位于4—5 km高度,降水低云中的水粒子含量最大值(约0.07 g/m3)位于4 km高度;对于非降水云,3种不同高度的潜热廓线、水和冰粒子含量廓线相似,反映了TRMM反演算法对这些参数的反演仍存在缺陷。Characteristics of infrared temperatures, microwave brightness temperatures, cloud ice/liquid water, rain water and latent heat for precipitating and non-precipitating clouds in typhoon Ranan occurred in the northwest Pacific Ocean in August 2004 is investigated through matching and merging data measured by TRMM PR, TMI and VIRS. Statistics show that precipitating clouds of higher top （ TB10.8≤230 K）, moderate top （250 K〈 TB10.8≤270 K） and lower top （295 K〈 TB10.8） occupy about 79%, 10.6% and 10.4%, respectively, in total precipitating pixels in contrast to 34.1%, 16.7% and 45.5% of corresponding the three cloud tops for non-precipitating clouds. Based on the relationship of both 10.8 and 12.0μm channels, results indicate dominant much large size cloud droplets in precipitating clouds. On the contrary, the effective radius of cloud droplets in nonprecipitating clouds ranges in a much wider size spectrum. The relationship between TMI 19.4 GHz and 85 GHz suggests that cloud ice content is proportional to cloud liquid water content within deeper precipitating clouds. Within moderate precipitating clouds, cloud ice content is relatively stable but cloud liquid water content varies greatly. While within deeper and moderate non-precipitating clouds, cloud ice content shows inverse proportion to cloud liquid water content. By analyzing on rain rate, column latent heating, column cloud water and ice water along radial of the typhoon, it is found that rain rate and total latent heat in column in the vicinity of depression center are greater before the depression development into typhoon, which suggests an important role of the latent heat release in Ranan typhoon coming into being. During development of the typhoon, rain rate and total latent heat in column decrease from the eye-wall towards the outer along radial. After the mature stage of typhoon, both of them become stable along the radial. Moreover, latent heating profiles display that the latent heat within deeper precipitating clouds releases in

关 键 词：“云娜”台风 热带测雨卫星 降水云 非降水云 潜热 

分 类 号：P426.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]