人工饲养条件下棕果蝠的摄食行为  

Feeding Behavior of Fulvous Fruit Bat in Captivity

作　　者：刘娜[1] 张洪海[1] 张恩权[2] 梁冰[3] 付艳华[2] 刘丙万[4] 马建章[4] 唐占辉[5] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学生命科学学院 [2]北京动物园,北京100044 [3]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080 [4]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040 [5]东北师范大学环境科学与工程系,长春130024

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2007年第4期15-21,共7页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(No30430120)

摘　　要：2005年8～11月,对北京动物园饲养的棕果蝠(Rousettus leschenaulti)摄食行为进行了研究。每天上午和下午按时喂食,棕果蝠的摄食行为表现出一定的规律性。放置好水果约4min后,1～3只棕果蝠先在食物周围盘旋,然后返回栖息位置;再经约2min开始进食。当果篮中剩余少量水果时,部分棕果蝠到地面取食。上午喂食后,在地面取食的棕果蝠数目出现1个高峰;下午喂食后,地面取食出现4个高峰。下午取食时间显著长于上午(P<0·05)。棕果蝠进食完一块水果后,并不立即再次取食,而是存在一段时间间隔,期间雌雄棕果蝠的行为包括静止、理毛、张望、飞行、抢食、争斗、爬行、排泄、舔生殖区、舔顶棚等。雌雄的行为出现频次存在差异,其中雄性与哺乳期雌性的静止、理毛、飞行、抢食、争斗、舔生殖区行为差异显著(P<0·05);雄性与非哺乳期雌性的静止、理毛、张望、飞行、舔生殖区行为差异显著(P<0·05);哺乳期与非哺乳期雌性的静止、理毛、飞行、抢食行为差异显著(P<0·05)。Feeding behaviors of Fulvous Fruit Bat （Rousettus leschenaulti ） were observed by Ad libitum and scanning methods in Beijing Zoological Garden from August to November 2005. Fruits are provided twice a day, 10：22 ± 16 min （n = 60） in the morning, 17：00 ± 16.6 rain（ n = 60） in the evening. Shaped by the schedule of food providing, fulvous fruit bats showed a regulative feeding behavior Approximate 4 min after fruit being provided in baskets, 1 - 3 bats hovered around the food first, then returned to the roosting location. Two min later some individuals began to feed, then, more bats joined in. Fruits on the grounds were picked up when food remain less in the baskets. The number of bats collecting food on the ground peaked once in the morning and four times in the evening. The feeding duration in the morning was significantly longer than that in the evening （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Instead of to fetched the next one after finishing one piece of fruit,bats took a few minutes to show other behavior, such as relaxed hanging, grooming, alert hanging, flying, food-depriving, fighting, quadrupedal-climing, excreting, licking genitalia, licking ceiling. The frequencies of behaviors during feeding period were different between males and lactating or non-lactating females. For example, the behavior frequencies of relaxed hanging, food-depriving, licking genitalia, and fighting of males were significantly higher than those of lactating females, while the behavior frequencies of grooming and flying of males were significantly lower than those of lactating females （ P 〈 0.05）. Males demonstrated a higher frequency of relaxed hanging and licking genitalia were significantly higher than non-lactating females, while showed less frequencies of grooming, alert hanging, and flying than non-lactating females （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Lactating females made a significantly higher frequency of relaxed hanging and grooming than non-lactating females,while the frequencies of flying and fooddepriving demonstrated by lactating

关 键 词：蝙蝠 棕果蝠 摄食行为 摄食规律 

分 类 号：S865[农业科学—野生动物驯养]