1960—2003年我国热带气旋降水的时空分布特征  

The Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Tropical Cyclone-induced Rainfall in China During 1960—2003

作　　者：程正泉[1] 陈联寿[1] 刘燕[2] 彭涛涌[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院 [2]广州中心气象台,广州510080

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2007年第4期427-434,共8页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40175019);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目01课题(2004CB418301);广东省科技计划项目(2004B32601007)共同资助。

摘　　要：利用1960—2003年登陆影响我国的热带气旋及其造成的降水资料,对44年间登陆我国热带气旋降水时空变化特征进行统计分析。结果表明:热带气旋降水与热带气旋登陆活动相一致,主要发生在5—11月,其中7—9月为盛期;热带气旋降水量以及热带气旋暴雨日数的分布是自南向北、从沿海到内陆迅速减小,最大出现在海南和华南、东南沿海地区;热带气旋强度越强其最大过程降水一般也就越大,但是两者并非严格的线性关系;1960年以来,我国受热带气旋影响的绝大部分地区热带气旋降水呈波动下降的趋势。China is one of the countries which are greatly affected by tropical cyclones（TC）, with an average of 7-8 landfalls every year. Because of lack of enough and effective observational data several decades ago, the overall statistical study of TC-induced rainfall is needed. With the gradually increase of observational stations in these years, more and more data are available. The TC-induced rainfall data used is distinguished from the daily rainfall by a subjective way in Shanghai Typhoon Institute. Based on the data of TC landing on China and the relevant induced rainfall from 1960--2003, study is carried out of the climate characteristics of the TC-induced rainfall. Results show that, TC rainfall occurs from May to November, with the most active period from July to September, associated with the TC landfall activities. TC rainfall increases in intensity and region from May to August, and then decreases to November, and the TC rainfall reach zenith in volume and coverage in August. Spatial distribution of the TC rainfall and the frequency of TC rainstorms illustrate that they decrease dramatically northwards and inlandwards with the maximum in Hainan Province and the coastal areas of South China and Southeast China. And the ratios of summer TC rainfall to summer total rainfall and TC yearly rainfall to total yearly rainfall in these regions are also highest. Commonly, the TC-induced rainfall is much more in coastal areas than in inland areas. While under advantageous circulation, also, extremely intensive rainstorms can occur some-where inlands. Statistics shows that the relationship between TC rainfall and TC intensity is not strictly linear, probably because of the complexity of influencing factors on the TC rainfall. Averagely, the mean of TC-induced maximum process rainfall is largest in August and September, and the frequency of TC-induced rainstorms is most in July and August. And the induced rainfall varies with the location where TC land on. The TC which land on Fujian bring about more process rainfall

关 键 词：热带气旋 降水 时空分布 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P468.024