太原冬季PM_(2.5)中有机碳和元素碳的变化特征  被引量:37

Characteristics of Organic Carbon and Elemental Carbon in PM2.5 During Winter in Taiyuan

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作  者:孟昭阳[1] 张怀德 蒋晓明[3] 颜鹏[1] 王雁 林伟立[1] 张养梅[1] 王淑凤[1] 

机构地区:[1]中国气象科学研究院中国气象局大气成分观测与服务中心中国气象局大气化学开放实验室,北京100081 [2]山西省气象科学研究所,太原030002 [3]防化指挥工程学院,北京102205

出  处:《应用气象学报》2007年第4期524-531,共8页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基  金:山西省气象局开放式研究基金项目(SX054001)资助。

摘  要:2005年12月-2006年2月在太原市区持续观测了气溶胶细粒子PM2.5,并应用Sunset碳分析仪进行了有机碳(organic carbon,OC)和元素碳(elemental carbon,EC)的测定。结果表明:太原冬季PM2.5,OC和EC浓度均较高,其中PM2.5日平均浓度变化范围为25.4~419.0μg/m^3,日平均浓度为193.4±102.3μg/m^3,OC平均浓度为28.9±14.8μg/m^3,EC平均浓度为4.8±2.2μg/m^3,OC/EC平均比值是7.0±3.9,即太原市冬季PM2.5和碳气溶胶污染严重。OC在PM2.5中占18.6%,EC占2.9%,这表明碳气溶胶是太原大气细粒子污染控制的关键组分。在太原市冬季,采暖燃烧的煤是OC和EC的主要贡献源,造成OC大大高于EC,从而使OC/EC比值增大。各种气象条件对PM2.5,OC,EC和OC/EC比值的变化都有不同程度的影响,特别是大雾天气、相对湿度、风速和降雪是影响碳气溶胶浓度变化的重要因素。Taiyuan is a city characterized by coal-combustion pollution. Aerosol is one of the main pollutants in Taiyuan. The primary objectives of the study are to examine the temporal variations of PM2.5, OC, EC concentrations with OC/EC ratio during winter in Taiyuan, and to find and understand the correlations among PM2.5, OC, EC, OC/EC ratio and meteorological factors. Continuous observation of PM2.5 is conducted in Taiyuan during high pollution seasons from December 18, 2005 to February 3, 2006. PM2.5 samples are obtained from the rooftop of Shanxi Meteorological Sciences Institute. PM2.5 samples are collected every day using TEOM series 1400a ambient particulate monitor-ACCU. The samples are collected on 47 mm Whatman quartz microfiber filters. Continuous meteorological data are obtained from Shanxi Meteorological Observatory. EC and OC in PM2.5 are determined by Sunset carbon analyzer. The study shows that the concentrations of PM2.5, OC and EC are high during winter in Taiyuan. The daily concentration of PM2.5 varies from 25.4 to 419.0 μg/m^3 with the average of 193.4 ± 102.3 μg/m^3. According to the standard of daily average value of PM2.5(65 μg/m^3) published by US EPA in 1997, 89% of daily average PM2.5 values exceeds the US air quality standard during winter, which shows fine particles pollution is serious during winter in Taiyuan. The average OC concentration is 28.9 -± 14.8 μg/m^3, while EC is 4.8 ± 2.2 μg/m^3. The highest values/lowest values of OC and EC are 3.3, 1.1, respectively. High variability of OC concentrations may be due to the contributions of different emission sources. The OC and EC levels at Taiyuan, especially OC, are higher than other urban cities, reflecting more severe carbonaceous pollution in Taiyuan. OC and EC account for 18.6% and 2.9% of PM2.5, respectively, which indicates that carbonaceous aerosols are key components for controlling fine particles pollution in Taiyuan. Coal combustion from residential heating during winter is the major emission source of OC and EC, and

关 键 词:气溶胶细粒子(PM2.5) 有机碳(OC) 元素碳(EC) 太原 

分 类 号:P402[天文地球—大气物理学与大气环境]

 

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