水驱油藏四维地震技术  

4D seismic technology for water flooding reservoirs

作　　者：甘利灯[1] 姚逢昌[1] 杜文辉[1] 胡英[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2007年第4期437-444,共8页Petroleum Exploration and Development

摘　　要：为了正确认识长期水驱油藏剩余油分布状况，以渤海湾地区高孔渗油藏的岩石物理数据为依据，结合冀东油田两个区块2次三维地震采集的资料，从可行性研究、叠前和叠后互均化处理以及动态油藏描述等方面对水驱油藏四维地震技术进行了系统研究。研究结果表明：通过叠前和叠后互均化处理可以基本消除地震采集差异造成的影响；对于长期人工水驱开采油藏，由于物性和注水压力变化可造成17％～19％的速度降低，可以直接利用互均化后的叠后地震振幅差异监测水驱前沿；对于天然能量开采油藏，只有孔隙流体性质变化，因此造成的地震波速度变化很小，利用叠后地震振幅差异无法刻划油藏的变化，必须利用叠前地震信息（如互均化处理后新老资料弹性波阻抗反演的差异）才能突出油藏的变化。To estimate the residual oil distribution in long-term water flooding reservoirs, 4D seismic study is implemented based on the 3D legacy seismic and petrophysical data of reservoirs with high porosity and permeability in Bohai Bay, including feasibility analysis, pre-stack and post-stack cross-equalization, dynamic reservoir monitoring. Through the cross-equalization, the difference caused by the factor of acquisition is almost eliminated. For long-term artificial water flooding reservoirs, the seismic velocity decreases by 16%～18% because of the variation of reservoir properties and pressure, and post-stack seismic amplitude differences can be used to monitor the water flooding forefront directly. For natural water drive reservoirs, the only variable factor is fluid saturation which could cause subtle seismic velocity variation. In this case, the information from pre-stack seismic data should be used to highlight the reservoir variation instead of post-stack amplitude differences. For example, the differences of two pre-stack elastic impedance inversions can reflect the reservoir variation very well.

关 键 词：四维地震 可行性 物性变化 流体变化 压力变化 互均化处理 弹性波阻抗反演 水驱油藏 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]