骶后孔解剖学定位及其临床意义  

Anatomical location of the posterior sacral foramina and its clinical significance

作　　者：余汝堂[1] 陈忠孝[1] 杨新东[1] 郑建武[1] 楼新法[1] 蒋松鹤[2] 

机构地区：[1]温州医学院基础医学实验中心 [2]温州医学院附属第二医院,浙江温州325000

出　　处：《中国临床解剖学杂志》2007年第4期406-408,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy

基　　金：温州医学院科研发展基金

摘　　要：目的:建立精确、简易的骶后孔定位方法,为临床八髎穴针灸、骶后孔阻滞麻醉形态学基础。方法:解剖剔除28例成人尸体的骶骨周围软组织,清楚显露骶、尾骨及其骶后孔,对各个解剖结构进行仔细观察并用游标卡尺测量记录。结果:①以两侧髂嵴最高点连线为X轴,以骶后正中嵴线为Y轴,各骶后孔的中点在X轴上的坐标分别为:(23.41±2.49)、(19.90±2.21)、(18.39±2.55)、(17.93±1.98)mm,在Y轴上的坐标分别为:男(49.71±6.15)、(68.45±5.78)、(86.91±6.14)、(104.91±7.00)mm,女(44.17±5.71)、(60.44±6.30)、(78.60±7.23)、(96.48±7.87)mm。②骶前、后孔深距:S(124.2±3.2)、S(218.6±2.8)、S3(12.7±2.6)、S4(6.8±1.9)mm。③骶后孔穿刺针尖水平偏离矢状轴角度:S1(6.3°±2.5°)、S2(4.8°±1.6°)、S3(4.0°±2.0°)、S4(3.6°±1.7°)。结论:提出可供临床应用骶后孔简易和精确的两种定位方法及针灸、穿刺适宜进针角度和深度。Objective： To establish a precise, simple location method for the posterior sacral foramina, and provide morphologic references for acupuncture of ba liao points and block anesthesia of the posterior sacral foramina. Methods： Soft tissues around the posterior sacral foramen were eliminated in 28 adult cadavers for clearly exposing sacral and coccygeal bone and the posterior sacral foramen. The anatomical structures were carefully observed and measured with vernier caliper. Results： （1）The line between zeniths of iliac crests was designed as X axis, and the perpendicular line of the median sacral posterior crest as Y axis. The coordinates of the midpoint of each posterior sacral foramina on X axis was 23.41 ±2.49, 19.90±2.21, 18.39±2.55 and 17.93 ± 1.98,on Y axis 49.71 ±6.15, 68.45±5.78, 86.91 ±6.14 and 104.91 ±7.00 for male, 44.17±5.71, 60.44±6.30, 78.60 ±7.23 and 96.48 ±7.87 for female respectively. （2）The depths of the anterior and the posterior sacral foramina were S1（24.2±3.2 mm）, S2（18.6±2.8 mm）, S3（ 12.7±2.6 mm）and S4（6.8±1.9 mm） respectively. （3）The angles from the tip of the puncture needle to sagittal axis were S1（6.3±2.5°）, S2（4.8±1.6°）, S3（4.0±2.0°） and S4 （3.6± 1.7°）, respectively. Conclusions： This study proposes two kinds of location methods for the posterior sacral foramen （ba liao points） precisely and simply, and suggests the reliable puncture angle and puncture depth.

关 键 词：骶后孔 八穴 定位 针灸 麻醉 

分 类 号：R323.46[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]