深圳市河流水质退化及其驱动机制研究  

River Water Quality Degradation in Shenzhen City and Its Influencing Mechanisms

作　　者：黄奕龙[1] 王仰麟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2007年第7期10-13,共4页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2005037282)

摘　　要：采用1986-2004年的长期观测数据，探讨了河流水质的演化规律及其驱动机制。研究结果表明：深圳市河流水体中的主要污染物为CODMn、BOD5、NH3-N、挥发酚、石油类、TP等6个指标。1986～1990年，大沙河、茅洲河、西乡河、观澜河、龙岗河和坪山河年水质为尚好阶段，河流水质大多可以达到地表水Ⅱ或Ⅲ类水标准；1991～1994年，河流水质开始恶化，在这个阶段，除大沙河、茅洲河、观澜河、龙岗河和坪山河在个别年份水质为Ⅲ级或Ⅳ级外，6条河流的水质在大多年份已经恶化为Ⅴ类或劣Ⅴ类水；1995-2004年，6条河流水质都已经恶化为劣Ⅴ类水，其河流水质已经受到极度污染，其中深圳河远在1986年，其水质就已经为劣Ⅴ级。目前，仅有特区内的深圳河和大沙河水质有所好转，可能已经达到社会经济增长和环境质量逐渐优化的阶段。而工业化、城市化、人口增长和土地利用格局变化是水质退化的主要驱动机制。This paper studied the river water quality degradation and its influence mechanisms according to the long-term observation data in 1986-2004 in Shenzhen City. The results exhibited that： （1） the major pollution indexes were CODMn, BOD5, NH3- N, volatile hydroxybenzene, petroleum and total phosphorous in the rivers of Shenzhen City; （2） the water quality of Dasha River, Maozhou River, Xixiang River, Guanlan River, Longgan River and Pingshan River could reach the water quality standard of Level Ⅱ or Ⅲ in 1986-1990; from 1991-1994, the water was polluted severely in all the 6 rivers, especially in Dasha River, Maozhou River, Guanlan River, Longgan River and Pingshan River, the water quality was at Level Ⅴ or worse than Level Ⅴ in most years; and the water quality was degrading to Level Ⅴ or worse in the 6 rivers in 1995-2004. Shenzhen River was polluted by sewage water from Hongkong before 1986, and the water quality was worse than Level Ⅴ. At present, only the water quality of Shenzhen River and Dasha River is improved through environment protection in the rivers. Industrialization, urbanization, population and changes in land use pattern are the major factors that influence the water quality of rivers.

关 键 词：河流 水质退化 驱动机制 工业化和城市化 土地利用格局 

分 类 号：TV211.1[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]