马尾松林生态系中虫生真菌及其寄主的多样性和消长动态的研究  

Diversity of entomogenous fungi and their hosts and population dynamics of the fungi in a Masson′s pine plantation ecosystem

作　　者：张玉波[1] 王晓蕾[1] 樊美珍[1] 王林 李增智[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学微生物防治省重点实验室,合肥230036 [2]安徽省宣州森防站,宣城242000

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2007年第3期342-347,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30330500)资助

摘　　要：在皖南宣城市敬亭山马尾松林生态系中从山脚至山顶共10个小区内逐月进行虫生真菌全面调查,以分离株数为指标,对2005年2月～2006年5月的球孢白僵菌和几种拟青霉在昆虫群落中的的消长动态进行研究。结果表明,16个月中以白僵菌属占绝对优势,其中球孢白僵菌占总数的54.17%,而多型白僵菌和布氏白僵菌仅分别占0.33%和0.98%。拟青霉属次之,以环链拟青霉为主的3种拟青霉共占43.04%。而绿僵菌属仅金龟子绿僵菌一种,占0.49%。从昆虫寄主的多样性来看,球孢白僵菌和环链拟青霉的B rillou in多样性指数分别为1.89和1.23,均匀度分别为0.61和0.52;粉拟青霉和玫烟色拟青霉的B rillou in指数分别为1.19和0.78,均匀度为0.49和0.32;多型白僵菌、布氏白僵菌和金龟子绿僵菌多样性和均匀度指标较低。不同季节中被球孢白僵菌侵染的寄主昆虫多样性指数呈现出春秋季低、夏季高的趋势,其中7月份最高为1.77;而被环链拟青霉侵染的寄主昆虫多样性指数呈现夏季低、秋季高的趋势,其中10月份最高为1.82;粉拟青霉和玫烟色拟青霉呈现春季高的趋势,在2、3月份最高,分别为1.18和1.54。因此,球孢白僵菌适宜在高温高湿的夏季流行,而3种拟青霉却适应稍低的温度,它们随季节性变化而呈现的不同消长动态,有利于互补地持续控制森林害虫。Ten plots were selected from bottom to top in Mt. Jingtingshan, Xuancheng, southern Anhui Province for detailed investigation of insect cadavers infected by entomogenous fungi. The population dynamics of Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces spp. from February 2005 through May 2006 were studied with isolate numbers as the estimate. The result showed that B. bassiana dominated within 16 months of observation, accounting for 54. 17% of the total 611 isolates, followed by 3 Paecilomyces spp. which took 43.04% , while B. amorpha,B, brongniartii and Metarhizium anisopliae took only 0. 33% ,0. 98% and 0.49% , respectively. Based on the investigation of diversity of insect hosts of the entomogenous fungi, B. bassiana and P. cateniannulatus had a Brillouin diversity indices are 1.89 and 1.23 ,respectively, with their respective evenness indices are 0. 61 and 0.52, respectively. The diversity indices and evenness indices for P. farinosus and P. fumosoroseus are 1.19 and 0. 78,0. 49 and 0. 32, respectively; the two indices for B. amorpha ,B. brongniartii, and M. anisopliae were all very low. The diversity indices of host insects infected by B. bassiana in different seasons displayed a trend of high in summer and low in spring and fall, with the highest index appearing in July （ 1.77 ） ; that of the hosts infected by P. cateniannulatus displayed a trend of low in summer and high in fall, with the highest index in October （1.82） ; those infected by P.farinosus and P. fumosoroseus displayed a trend of high in spring. Their diversity indices are 1.18 and 1.54, respectively. Therefore, hot and humid summer is suitable for epizootics of B. bassiana, while lower temperatures are suitable for epizootics of the 3 Paecilomyces spp. Their population dynamics varies differently as season changes, suggesting a benefit of sustainable forest pest control in a complementary way.

关 键 词：球孢白僵菌 环链拟青霉 粉拟青霉 玫烟色拟青霉 生物多样性 消长动态 

分 类 号：S476.12[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]