强化栽培条件下不同氮肥运筹对水稻氮素利用及土壤微生物的影响  

Effect of Different Fertilizer-N Managements on Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice and Soil Microorganism under SRI

作　　者：陈惠哲[1] 朱德峰[1] 吴良欢[2] 林贤青[1] 张玉屏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室 [2]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310029

出　　处：《土壤通报》2007年第4期687-692,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：农业结构调整重大技术研究专项(2003-01-02A);国家农业科技跨越计划资助项目(2003-1)

摘　　要：以高产杂交稻组合两优培九和国稻6号为材料,设置基肥:分蘖肥:穗肥比例分别为50:30:20,60:10:30和40:20:40的不同氮肥管理,研究了强化栽培(SRI)条件下不同氮肥运筹对土壤微生物及植株氮素利用的影响。结果表明,强化栽培下每穗粒数增加,不同处理的结实率差异不明显,不施氮肥千粒重下降。强化栽培下穗肥施入增加,其土壤的铵态氮含量提高。土壤铵态氮以穗分化期最高,在孕穗期、开花灌浆期和成熟期的土壤铵态氮含量较低,基本不足20 mg kg-1;而土壤硝态氮含量穗分化期最低,各处理之间均不到4mg kg-1,而孕穗期达到20mg kg-1以上,开花灌浆期略有下降,成熟期土壤的硝态氮含量高。强化栽培能促进土壤细菌和放线菌数量增加。在穗分化期和孕穗期土壤微生物中放线菌含量最多,细菌次之,真菌量最少;灌浆期和成熟期细菌最多,放线菌次之,真菌量远低于前两者。细菌数以穗分化期较低,孕穗期快速上升,灌浆期略下降,成熟期最高。真菌量开花灌浆期低,成熟期高。土壤放线菌数量在穗分化后基本呈现下降的趋势。后期施氮对放线菌有一定的促进作用。另外,在等量的氮肥水平下,增施穗肥有利于提高籽粒的含氮量,水稻的氮吸收利用率品种间差异较大,强化栽培下两优培九品种氮吸收利用率提高。In order to clarify the effect of different fertilizer-N managements on soil microorganism and nitrogen use efficiency under SRI cultivation pattern, the nitrogen fertilizer management experiment was conducted with Liangyoupeijiu and Guodao6hao, the yield hybrid rice combination, as the material at China National Rice Research Institute. The results showed that SRI increased the spikelets significantly, but the seed setting rate had no significant change and the grain weight declined under 0 kg hm^-2 of N. Under SRI condition the NH4^＋-N content of soil could increase by increasing the nitrogen fertilizer of heading and it was higher during panicle initiation than the other stages, The NO3-N content was less 4mg kg^-1 during panicle initiation, and it was increasing from boot stage to maturing. SRI could promote the quantity of bacterium and actinomyces in rice soil. The quantity of soil microorganism in panicle initiation and boot stages ranged in the order： actinomyces 〉 bacterium 〉 and fungi, while at filling and maturing stages, the order was： bacterium 〉 actinomyces, 〉and fungi. The quantity of actinomyces was declined from panicle initiation to maturing, and it could be improved by increasing the heading fertilizer rate. There were significant difference between different varieties; so nitrogen use efficiency could be improved for rice Liangyoupeijiu under SRI cultivation pattern.

关 键 词：水稻 强化栽培 氮肥管理 土壤微生物 氮素利用 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学] S154.36