南海主要珊瑚礁水域的鱼类物种多样性研究  

Species diversity of fishes in the coral reefs of South China Sea

作　　者：陈国宝[1,2] 李永振[1] 陈新军[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 [2]上海水产大学海洋学院,上海200090 [3]上海水产大学海洋学院

出　　处：《生物多样性》2007年第4期373-381,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家科技基础条件平台工作重点项目(2003DEA6N042);广东省自然科学基金项目(04001263);国家社会公益研究专项项目(2004DIB3J098)

摘　　要：根据2004年5-7月和2005年3-4月采用深水三重刺网在南海的羚羊礁、华光礁、银砾滩、东岛、滨湄滩、排洪滩、本固暗沙、比微暗沙、武勇暗沙、海鸠暗沙、双子群礁、中业群礁、鲎藤礁、美济礁、仁爱礁、仙宾礁、南方浅滩、棕滩、大渊滩、永署礁、南薰礁、牛轭礁、道明群礁等23座主要珊瑚礁过渡性水域进行的2个航次专业调查资料,分析了南海主要珊瑚礁水域的鱼类种类组成和群落特征。结果表明,在珊瑚礁水域软骨鱼类以真鲨目和鲼目的种类数占优势,硬骨鱼类以鲈形目和鲀形目的种类数占优势。相对重要指数(IRI)大于500的鱼类定为优势种,西沙群岛有5种,分别为迈氏条尾魟(Taeniura meyeni)、长吻裸颊鲷(Lethrinus miniatus)、胡椒鲷(Plectorhinchus pictus)、黄斑胡椒鲷(P.flavomaculatus)和灰六鳃鲨(Hexanchus griseus);中沙群岛有6种,分别为黄斑胡椒鲷、迈氏条尾魟、圆燕鱼(Platax orbicularis)、密斑刺鲀(Dioson hystrix)、红裸颊鲷(Lethrinus rubrioperculatus)和胡椒鲷;南沙群岛有3种,分别为黑梢真鲨(Carcharhinus limbatus)、灰三齿鲨(Triaenodon obesus)和星点鲹(Caranx stellatus)。针对南海珊瑚礁水域鱼类个体大小悬殊的特点,本文分别以个体数和生物量为基础计算该水域的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数。物种组成的区域差异分析结果表明,各珊瑚礁水域的鱼类物种无论与南海北部陆架海域还是与南沙西南陆架区相比都有明显的差异,而属于相同生境类型水域的鱼类物种相似性较高。During May to July 2004 and March to April 2005, we carried out two cruise surveys on fish resources using trammel net in the adjacent waters of 23 coral reefs of the South China Sea. We analyzed fish species composition and community characteristics. The results showed that Carcharhiniformes and Myliobatiformes were dominant families of the cartilaginous fishes, while Perciformes and Teraodontiformes were dominant families in the bony fishes. We defined the species with an Index of Relative Importance （IRI） 〉500 as dominant species. Accordingly, five dominant species were found in Xisha Archipelago waters, namely Taeniura meyeni, Lethrinus miniatus, Plectorhinchus pictus, P. flavomaculatus, and Hexanchus griseus. Six dominant species were found in the Zhongsha Archipelago water, namely Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus, Taeniura meyeni, Platax orbicularis, Dioson hystrix, Lethrinus rubrioperculatus, and Plectorhinchus pictus, and the three dominant species were in the Nansha Archipelago water, Carcharhinus limbatus, Triaenodon obesus, and Caranx stellatus. Since the fish body sizes varied remarkably, we calculated Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index based on both individual number and biomass. The results indicated that fish species diversity in coral reefs water were significantly different compared with those either in the northern or southwestern continental shelf waters of South China Sea. Fish species in similar habitats had higher similarity.

关 键 词：多样性 鱼类 珊瑚礁 南海 三重刺网 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]