鸡兔舍耐药大肠杆菌气溶胶向环境扩散的研究  

Antibiotic resistance of airborne Escherichia coli from hen house and rabbitry and their spreading to surroundings

作　　者：姚美玲[1] 张彬[1] 柴同杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学动物科技学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2007年第8期60-64,共5页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30571381)

摘　　要：采用Andersen-6级撞击式和RCS(Reuter-Centrifugal sampler)离心式空气微生物采样器,分别对泰安市一兔场舍内及舍外下风向10,50,100,200 m,以及莱芜市一种鸡场舍内及舍外下风向10,50,100,200,400,600,800 m处空气中的细菌总数及大肠杆菌含量进行了2个工作日的测量,同时以上风向100 m处空气中的菌群含量作为对照。结果显示,兔舍内气载细菌总数与舍外下风向10 m相比差异显著(P<0.05),与下风向50,100,200 m相比差异极显著(P<0.01),兔舍内气载大肠杆菌含量与舍外下风向10,50,100,200 m相比差异极显著(P<0.01),舍外上风向100 m细菌总数与舍内及下风向10,50,100,200 m相比差异极显著(P<0.01);鸡舍内气载细菌总数与舍外下风向10,50,100,200,400,600,800 m相比差异极显著(P<0.01),舍内气载大肠杆菌含量与舍外下风向10,50,100,200 m相比差异极显著(P<0.01),舍外上风向100 m细菌总数与舍内及下风向10,50,100,200 m相比差异极显著(P<0.01),与400,600,800 m相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。对分离鉴定的大肠杆菌进行的耐药性分析结果显示,兔舍粪便、饲料及舍内外空气中分离到的菌株均对RIF和P-G耐药,鸡舍粪便、饲料及舍内外空气中分离到的菌株均对RIF、ERY和P-G耐药。这在一定程度上可以证明,舍内微生物气溶胶及耐药细菌可随气体交换传播到周围环境中,使其周围环境受到微生物的污染。This study qualified the level of airborne microorganisms in one rabbitry in Tai＇an Beijipo and one hen house in Laiwu. Indoor and outdoor （windward 100 m and rabbitry：downwind 10,50,100,200 m;hen house ： downwind 10,50,100,200,400,600 and 800 m） air samples were collected by two 6-stage Andersen microbial samples and two Reuter-Centrifugal samples,and the total number of airborne bacteria and concentrations of airborne Escherichia coli were measured. The concentrations of airborne microorganisms of indoor air samples in the rabbitry were higher than those of downwind 10 m air samples （P〈0.05） and significantly higher than those of downwind 50,100 and 200 m （P〈 0.01）. The total number of air- borne bacteria of windward was significantly higher than those of indoor and downwind air samples （P〈 0.01）. The concentrations of airborne bacteria of indoor air samples in the hen house were significantly higher than those of outdoor （windward 100 m and downwind 10,50,100,200,400,600 and 800 m） air samples （P 〈0.01）. The concentrations of airborne bacteria of windward air samples were significantlyhigher than those of downwind 10,50,100,200 m （P 〈0.01）. The isolated Escherichia coli were analyzed if they resisted against antibiotics. The results showed that the isolates from indoor and ourdoor air samples in the rabbitry,feed and feces resisted against RIF and P-G. The strains from indoor and outdoor air samples in the hen house,feed and feces resisted against RIF,ERY and P-G. It could be concluded that indoor microbial aerosols including antibiotic resistance bacteria could be transmitted to surroundings by air exchanging and cause microbiological contamination.

关 键 词：鸡兔舍内外环境 气载细菌 耐药菌 微生物扩散 环境生物污染 

分 类 号：S852.61[农业科学—基础兽医学]